18
Remaining Causes of Action Are
Barred by the Statute of Limitations
The remaining causes of action are private nuisance,
trespass, and negligence. For these causes of action, the
applicable statutes of limitations are one year for the
presentation of a claim to the City (Gov. Code, § 911.2; see
Alexander v. Exxon Mobil (2013) 219 Cal.App.4th 1236, 1263),
and three years for filing a civil action. (Code Civ. Proc., § 338,
subd. (b)); see Shamsian v. Atlantic Richfield Co. (2003) 107
Cal.App.4th 967, 979; Cyr v. McGovran (2012) 206 Cal.App.4th
645, 650.)
“The statute of limitations usually commences when a
cause of action ‘accrues,’ and it is generally said that ‘an
action accrues on the date of injury.’” (Bernson v. Browning-
Ferris Industries (1994) 7 Cal.4th 926, 931.) Based on the
complaint, the statutes of limitations began to run “in or around
1977” when City dumped the uncertified fill on the Property and
the City Parcel. To avoid the bar of the statute of limitations,
appellant relies on the discovery rule. Appellant claims it did not
discover the uncertified fill until April 2019.
“An important exception to the general rule of accrual is
the ‘discovery rule,’ which postpones accrual of a cause of action
until the plaintiff discovers, or has reason to discover, the cause
of action. [Citations.] [¶] A plaintiff has reason to discover a
cause of action when he or she ‘has reason at least to suspect a
factual basis for its elements.’ [Citations.] Under the discovery
rule, suspicion of one or more of the elements of a cause of action,
coupled with knowledge of any remaining elements, will
generally trigger the statute of limitations period.” (Fox v.
Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. (2005) 35 Cal.4th 797, 806-807.)