Silver Horn pictorial calendar MS 2531 James Mooney notebooks principally regarding Kiowa,
Cheyenne, and Arapaho shield and tipi designs
NAA.MS2531
Page 52 of 72
Silver Horn pictorial calendar, 1904
51 Drawings (visual works) (103 leaves; graphite, colored pencil, crayon, watercolor, and ink; 16 x 25 cm.)
Image(s)
Creator: Silver Horn, 1860-1940
Collector: Mooney, James, 1861-1921
Language: English.
Local
Numbers:
NAA MS 2531 Vol. 7
NAA INV 08891700-08896700
Arrangement: Subgroup
Scope and
Contents:
This pictorial record covers the years 1828-1904. It was produced by Silver Horn in 1904 when he
was regularly employed as an artist by James Mooney. Alternating entries for summers (indicated
by the forked center pole of the Medicine Lodge) and winters (indicated by a bare tree). Summers
when no Medicine Lodge ceremony was held are marked by a tree in leaf. The drawings heavily
annotated by James Mooney in an abbreviated script, often difficult to decipher.The volume consists
of 51 drawings in a bound book of unruled leaves. The cover of the book is printed "SKETCH BOOK
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 9-895". It is inscribed in James Mooney's hand "No. 23. Kiowa colls.
1904. Nov. 14 James Mooney." One of the pages is inscribed "Hawgone" and several others are
inscribed "Hangun", alternate versions of the Kiowa word for Silver Horn.
Biographical /
Historical:
Silver Horn, Haungooah in Kiowa (1860-1940). His name also appears as Hugone, Hangun or
Hawgon. He was a member of a prominent Kiowa family. His residential band, led by his father
Agiati (Gathering Feathers), actively opposed the governments efforts to confine the Kiowa to a
reservation. Members of his family participated in the Red River War of 1874-1875 and were among
the last Kiowa to surrender to the military. In 1891, Silver Horn enlisted in Troop L of the 7th U.S.
Cavalry. He served with Troop L, which was part of broader experiment involving the enlistment
of all-Indian troops, until 1894. In 1901, Silver Horn secured employment with James Mooney, an
ethnologist with the Bureau of American Ethnology. Mooney was interested in the designs on Kiowa
shields and tipis and hired Silver Horn to produce illustrations of the designs and models of the
shields and tipis. The project provided Silver Horn with steady work between 1902 and 1904 and
occasional employment between 1904 and 1906. Silver Horn also produced illustrations for Hugh
Scott, an army officer and avocational ethnologist. Silver Horn was active in the religious life of
the Kiowa. He was a Tsaidetalyi bundle keeper and participated in the Sun Dance, Ghost Dance,
and Peyote religion. He was also a member of the Ohoma society. Silverhorn died on December
14, 1940. For additional biographic information on Silver Horn, see Candace Greene, Silver Horn:
Master Illustrator of the Kiowas, University of Oklahoma Press, 2001.
Provenance: The drawings were commissioned by James Mooney, of the Bureau of American Ethnology. The
inscription on the cover of the sketchbook 33 suggests that it was collected in 1904. It appears that
the drawings were created at Mooney's request, as they appear in a notebook identical to one in
which he kept his field notes.
Place: United States Oklahoma Territory.
United States Oklahoma.
Album
Information:
MS 2531-07 000
Bibliography: Several pages of the calendar are published with interpretations in Greene, Candace, Silver Horn:
Master Illustrator of the Kiowa, University of Oklahoma, 2001.
Genre/Form: Ledger drawings
Culture: Kiowa