United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service
Grain: World Markets and Trade
Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board/USDA
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September 2024
U.S. Corn Exports Buoyed by Large Supplies
For marketing year 2024/25 (Sep-Aug), U.S. corn exports are forecast at 58.4 million metric tons (tons),
the highest volume since 2021/22. Large corn supplies are enhancing U.S. competitiveness, while
reduced exportable supplies in other major producers is expected to hamper their outlook. If realized,
U.S. exports would be the fourth highest on record.
NASS projects the 2024 U.S. corn crop at 385.7 million tons, the second largest on record. A record yield
of 11.5 tons/hectare is partially offsetting a decline in harvested area. The bumper 2024 crop is hot on
the heels of another record crop in 2023, which left an excess of corn available to the market. Ending
stocks for 2023/24 are estimated at 46.0 million tons. Due to this significant carryin, despite a 4-million-
ton drop in production for 2024/25, total supplies
1
are forecast at 432.0 million tons in 2024/25, the
largest ever and the highest volume since 2017/18.
Large supplies have weighed on U.S. corn prices since June 30. Expectations of a large U.S. crop have
had an outsized pressure on price. In addition, the Grain Stocks report reflected expectations for the
largest carryin in several years adding to the pressure. NASS reports prices received by farmers at just
$4.24/bushel in July 2024, the lowest since January 2021. With prices at multi-year lows, bargain buying
encouraged some slight increases in domestic use. The NASS Grain Crushings report showed 3 percent
growth in corn milling, and EIA data during August suggests a rise in corn use for ethanol relative to last
year. However, the biggest surge has been in exports. U.S. Census data for June and July and export
inspections data for August imply the largest fourth quarter corn exports in 6 years.
Export Sales Reporting (ESR) and bids for U.S. corn in export positions at the U.S. Gulf reflect that this
rise in demand is being sustained at the outset of the 2024/25 harvest.
1
In USDA PS&D, total supply refers to the sum of beginning stocks, production, and imports. U.S. corn imports, forecast at 635,000 tons, are a
trivial .001 percent of supply.
350
375
400
425
450
Million Tons
U.S. Corn Supply (Sep-Aug)
Total Supply 10-Year Average
35
45
55
65
75
Million Tons
U.S. Corn Exports (Sep-Aug)
Exports 10-Year Average
Export bids at the U.S. Gulf were at $207/ton as of September 6, $10 higher than the week prior, rising
to become the most expensive origin in just under a week. ESR showed 1.8 million tons in new crop corn
sales for the week of August 29 alone, well above industry expectations. Overall, new crop sales totaled
11.2 million tons as of August 29, 8 percent higher than the same point in 2023.
Mexico, Japan, and Colombia have been the largest buyers to date – with Mexico accounting for almost
two thirds of purchases. Mexico demand rose substantially in 2023/24 (Oct-Sep) owing partially to a
poor domestic crop, pushing imports to a record 23.5 million tons. Japanese buying of U.S. corn is also
rising, supported by an improved outlook for U.S. ocean freight. The Panama Canal Authority expected
to return to 36 daily bulk vessel transits in September 2024, versus an average of 22 for much of 2024
2
.
Notably absent from buying is China, with zero sales to date versus almost 400,000 tons in 2023/24 and
more than 3.0 million tons in 2022/23. China’s demand for corn has slowed in recent months with no
purchases from the United States, and relatively limited quantities shipped from Brazil.
Lastly, shortfalls in competitors’ exportable supplies are further supporting U.S. prospects. 2023/24
(Mar-Feb) Brazil exports are forecast at 48.0 million tons, down 6.0 million from 2022/23. Exports from
Brazil’s second crop harvest in 2023/24 are lower compared to last year, on higher domestic corn use in
ethanol production and potential internal logistics disruptions because of low river levels. Additionally,
Ukraine corn production expectations are lower than in 2023/24 due to weather impacts to the crop.
Export prices for its 2024/25 crop increased by nearly $20 to $200/ton since July – almost at parity with
the United States, after presenting a significant discount in the past 2 seasons. In Argentina, the impact
of spiroplasma crop diseases on the 2023/24 harvest has lowered export expectations and impacted
assessments of crop quality.
U.S. exports are poised for a strong beginning in 2024/25 – while much will depend on the 2025
Southern Hemisphere crops, the United States is likely to remain the world’s largest exporter of corn in
2024/25.
2
For more details, see USDA’s Grain Transportation Report, published August 15, 2024.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25
Million Tons
Corn Exports (Oct-Sep)
United States Brazil Argentina Ukraine
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
TABLE OF CONTENTS
World Markets and Trade: Commodities and Data
WHEAT ........................................................................................................ 4
RICE ............................................................................................................. 9
COARSE GRAINS ......................................................................................... 13
ENDNOTES ................................................................................................. 15
DATA TABLES.............................................................................................. 18
The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution (PSD) database for
cotton, oilseeds, and grains at 12:00 p.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply and Demand
Estimates (WASDE) report is released. This circular is released by 12:15 p.m.
To download the tables in the publication, go to Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD
Online): scroll down to Reports, and then click Grains.
FAS Reports and Databases:
Current World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports
Archived World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports
Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD Online)
Global Agricultural Trade System (U.S. Exports and Imports)
Export Sales Report
Global Agricultural Information Network (Agricultural Attaché Reports)
Other USDA Reports:
World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE)
Economic Research Service
National Agricultural Statistics Service
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 3 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
WHEAT
OVERVIEW FOR 2024/25
Global production is adjusted lower this month, though still at a record, as reductions in the European
Union are only partially offset by production increases for Australia and Ukraine. Global consumption is
raised this month on increased feed and residual use in the Philippines, Vietnam, Australia, Canada, and
the United Kingdom, outweighing lower feed and residual use in the European Union. Global trade is
adjusted upward due to increased imports for the Philippines, the European Union, and Vietnam.
Exports are adjusted higher with increases for Australia, Canada, and Ukraine more than offsetting a
decline for the European Union. Global stocks are adjusted up from the prior month, though still at the
lowest level since 2015/16. The U.S. season-average farm price is unchanged at $5.70 per bushel.
WHEAT PRICES
Domestic: U.S. quotes for all classes increased since the August WASDE, responding to harvest declines
in Black Sea regions and the European Union and improving demand for U.S. wheat. Hard Red Spring
jumped $28/ton to $282 on crop quality concerns, with less-than-ideal harvest conditions. Soft Red
Winter (SRW) gained $24/ton to $242 and Hard Red Winter (HRW) gained $18/ton to $270 with large
sales and shipments to Western Hemisphere markets. Soft White (SWW) rose just $5/ton to $241.
Note: Data as of September 10, 2024
Source: International Grains Council
*Note on FOB prices: HRW (Hard Red Winter); SRW (Soft Red Winter); SWW (Soft White Wheat); HRS (Hard Red Spring)
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
$/MT
U.S. Daily FOB Export Bids
HRW SRW SWW HRS
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 4 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
Global: Since the August WASDE, global exporter quotes were mixed as production concerns for some
exporters increased demand for wheat from the United States and Canada. U.S. quotes gained $18/ton
with improved export sales and inspections data. Canadian quotes rose $9/ton as the Statistics Canada
production outlook fell slightly below market expectations and a short-lived rail stoppage threatened to
disrupt exports. Australian quotes fell $18/ton on increased production and improved conditions in
Western Australia. Argentine quotes dipped $14/ton with favorable growing conditions and plantings
complete on a larger area than last year. Russian quotes decreased $4/ton with harvest pressure
balancing out quality concerns due to adverse weather. EU quotes dipped just $2/ton as a smaller crop
in France was balanced by slow global demand for EU exports as the Black Sea is more competitive.
Argentina
Australia
Canada
EU
Russia
United States
$258 $263 $269 $240 $218 $270
Note: Data as of September 10, 2024
Source: International Grains Council
*Note on FOB prices: Argentina- 12.0%, up river; Australia- average of APW; Kwinana, Newcastle, and Port Adelaide; Russia -
Black Sea- milling; EU- France grade 1, Rouen; US- HRW 11.5% Gulf; Canada- CWRS (13.5%), Vancouver
150
170
190
210
230
250
270
290
310
330
350
$/MT
International Daily FOB Export Bids
Argentina Australia Canada EU Russia United States
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 5 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
MARKET FEATURE
Egyptian Government Intends to Increase Wheat Purchases to Lock-in Current Black Sea Prices
Egypt is expected to import 12.0 million
tons of wheat in 2024/25, down only
slightly from the prior year despite a
large recent government tender. Nearly
half of Egypt’s imports are purchased by
the government through the General
Authority for Supply and Commodities
(GASC). In August 2024, GASC sought to
take advantage of relatively low export
quotes from Black Sea origins and
attempted to buy an unprecedented 3.8
million tons of wheat in one large
tender. However, the actual volume
purchased under this tender was
significantly lower at only 280,000 tons,
as sellers were unwilling to agree to
Egypt’s long-term payment terms. GASC
has indicated intentions to import 3.8
million tons by the end of calendar year
2024. If realized, this volume, in addition
to 2.4 million tons already imported,
represents a years’ worth of typical
GASC purchases in just 6 months.
The Egyptian government has sought to
reduce government expenditures on
wheat, given its challenging
macroeconomic situation. The
government provides subsidized bread
to consumers, but even with a recent
quadrupling of prices, the subsidized
price remains well below the cost for the
government to produce the bread and is
a strain on the country’s already tight
finances. Egypt continues to experience currency shortages and inflation in 2024. A recent cause of
revenue shortage is the decline in cargo vessels passing through the Suez Canal due to Houthi attacks
that started in December 2023. Since then, Egypt’s economic conditions continued to worsen. However,
in March, the International Monetary Fund increased Egypt’s Extended Fund Facility arrangement and
since then there has been additional foreign investment. These investments have provided much
needed capital to the Egyptian government, allowing it to resume wheat imports at normal volumes.
Source: Trade Data Monitor, LLC
Source: Fastmarkets
0 5 10 15
2019/20
2020/21
2021/22
2022/23
2023/24
2024/25*
Million Tons
Egypt Wheat Imports by Origin
Russia Ukraine EU
United States Australia Others
*Forecast
$-
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
$400
$450
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Million Tons
GASC Wheat Tender Purchases (July - June)
Sum of Volume Average of $/mt
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 6 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
Russia is the single largest supplier of wheat to Egypt and represented 71 percent of the market in
2023/24. Ukraine and the European Union (largely Romania) collectively represented 25 percent of the
market in 2023/24. However, in 2024/25, production by these suppliers is forecast lower due to adverse
weather conditions. Tighter supplies among major exporters are being offset by a weaker volume of
imports. Egypt’s main wheat purchasing competitor in the region is Turkey, which enacted an import
ban on wheat from June 21 through October 15, 2024. Turkey has a large crop and abundant beginning
stocks, so this import restriction is intended to protect domestic wheat producers. The temporary
absence of Turkey from the market has kept wheat prices from Black Sea sources lower than they
otherwise would be, giving Egypt a short window to take advantage.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 7 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
TRADE CHANGES IN 2024/25 (1,000 MT)
Country
Attribute
Previous
Current
Change
Reason
Bangladesh
Imports
6,500
6,900
400
Increased domestic consumption
with lower rice supplies
European
Union
Imports
11,000
11,500
500
Smaller, lower-quality crop
Nigeria
Imports
5,200
5,500
300
Suspension of wheat import duty
through December 31
Philippines
Imports
6,000
7,000
1,000
More demand for both milling and
feed quality wheat
Turkey
Imports
8,000
7,000
-1,000
Wheat import ban through October
15
Vietnam
Imports
4,500
5,300
800
Increased use for feed
Australia
Exports
23,000
25,000
2,000
Larger crop
Canada
Exports
25,000
26,000
1,000
More exportable supplies with larger
beginning stocks based on the
September 9 Statistics Canada grain
stocks report
European
Union
Exports
34,000
31,500
-2,500
Smaller crop, especially for leading
EU exporter France
Ukraine
Exports
14,000
15,000
1,000
Larger crop
TRADE CHANGES IN 2023/24 (1,000 MT) – based on trade data
Country
Attribute
Previous
Current
Change
Algeria
Imports
9,200
9,500
300
Bangladesh
Imports
6,500
6,800
300
Egypt
Imports
12,000
12,311
311
European
Union
Imports
13,000
12,631
-369
Morocco
Imports
6,000
6,205
205
Philippines
Imports
6,500
6,900
400
Saudi Arabia
Imports
4,100
3,889
-211
Vietnam
Imports
5,000
5,441
441
European
Union
Exports
37,500
37,870
370
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 8 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
RICE
OVERVIEW FOR 2024/25
Global rice production is forecast down based on reductions in Bangladesh, Ghana, and Nigeria more
than offsetting an increase in India. Global imports are forecast slightly higher based on increased
volume to Ghana. Export volumes are slightly lower due to reduced exports from China and Australia.
Consumption is raised primarily on an increase for India. Ending stocks are forecast down in Bangladesh,
Cambodia, Senegal, and Iran, offsetting significant increases in India and Indonesia.
OVERVIEW FOR 2023/24
Global rice production is estimated higher due to an increase to Nigeria. Global imports are forecast
higher with upward revisions to import estimates for Vietnam, Indonesia, and Ghana. Exports are
forecast higher for Vietnam and Cambodia, mitigated by declines for India and China. Ending stocks are
forecast higher based on increases to India and Indonesia.
RICE PRICES
Source: International Grains Council
Note on FOB quotes: Thai 100B, U.S. 4%, all others 5% broken white rice.
Since the August WASDE, U.S. prices decreased by $33 to $739/ton amid plentiful supplies expected
from the ongoing harvest. Uruguayan quotes fell $7 to $796/ton but remained the highest among major
exporters. Vietnam increased $3 to $562/ton, while Thai jumped by $4 to $577/ton with ongoing
demand from Southeast Asia. Pakistani quotes fell $15 to $540/ton due to slowing demand from key
importers.
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
$/MT
Daily FOB Long Grain Rice Export Quotes: Last 12 Months
Pakistan Thailand Uruguay U.S. Vietnam
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 9 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
MARKET FEATURE
Mexican Import Tariff Suspension leads to Diversification of Rice Imports
Source: Trade Data Monitor
Mexico rice imports are forecast higher in MY 2023/24 (Oct – Sep) to meet sustained growth in
consumer demand amid relatively stable domestic production. The anti-inflation decrees implemented
by the Mexican government have resulted in diversification of rice suppliers, initially including paddy
rice imports and later expanding to include imported milled rice. While paddy rice imports continue to
slowly grow, imports of milled white rice jumped this year, with record amounts arriving from Thailand.
The initial anti-inflation policy implemented in May 2022 (See GAIN MX2022-0029) included a 1-year
suspension of import tariffs for paddy rice imports, granting all countries duty-free access.
3
Historically,
the United States has been the top supplier of paddy rice to Mexico, supplementing domestic
production for domestic milling. As a result of the policy announcement, U.S. rice began to compete
directly with paddy rice from Uruguay and other Western Hemisphere exporters, especially Brazil and
Paraguay.
In January 2023, the suspension of import tariffs was broadened to include milled rice imports. Prior,
milled rice typically accounted for less than a quarter of total rice imports (milled equivalent basis), with
the United States and Uruguay the predominant suppliers. In the first 7 months of the year, shipments
of milled rice from Thailand more than tripled compared to the same period the previous year. This is a
consequential reallocation of supply as milled rice now accounts for a third of all rice imported (on a
milled rice equivalent basis). Fundamental to this change has been the lower price of Thai rice. Import
unit values for Thai milled rice averaged $747/ton in 2024, compared to $888/ton for U.S. milled rice.
3
The policy was extended in October 2022 (GAIN MX2022-0057).
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
(Jan -
July)
Thousand Tons (MRE)
Rice Exports to Mexico by Type
Paddy Rice Milled Rice Others
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
(Jan -
July)
Thousand Tons (MRE)
Rice Exports to Mexico
US Brazil Uruguay Paraguay Thailand Others
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 10 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
U.S. shipments and sales to Mexico in 2024/25 are up slightly year to year with Mexico’s larger imports
overall, but the growth of milled rice imports is beginning to supplant paddy rice imports. With
continuation of the Presidential Anti-Inflation Decree, U.S. paddy rice exporters will face dual challenges
of pricing pressure from Mercosur paddy rice producers, while defending market share against an
increasing volume of milled rice imports from Uruguay and now Thailand.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 11 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
TRADE CHANGES IN 2025 (1,000 MT)
Country
Attribute
Previous
Current
Change
Reason
Ghana
Imports
700
900
200
Smaller crop
Senegal
Imports
1,500
1,400
-100
Continued restriction on India exports
China
Exports
1,500
1,400
-100
Lower demand from key markets
TRADE CHANGES IN 2024 (1,000 MT)
Country
Attribute
Previous
Current
Change
Reason
China
Imports
1,600
1,500
-100
Higher prices for foreign rice
compared to domestic
Cuba
Imports
325
450
125
New available data
Ghana
Imports
725
825
100
Large imports of parboiled rice
Indonesia
Imports
3,500
3,800
300
Larges purchases in efforts to address
high domestic prices
Iran
Imports
1,100
1,000
-100
Smaller monthly purchases of basmati
rice
Nepal
Imports
400
300
-100
Reduced buying while India continues
to restrict exports
Vietnam
Imports
2,600
2,900
300
Continued demand for Cambodia rice
Cambodia
Exports
2,600
2,900
300
Large sales to Vietnam
China
Exports
1,500
1,350
-150
Reduced sales to traditional markets
Turkey and Egypt
India
Exports
17,000
16,800
-200
Weak sales to Africa
Vietnam
Exports
8,300
8,600
300
Large shipments to core markets,
including Indonesia and the Philippines
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 12 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
COARSE GRAINS
OVERVIEW FOR 2024/25
Global corn production is forecast down this month as reductions for Bosnia and Herzegovina, the
European Union, Ghana, Russia, and Serbia more than offset increases for Canada, Tanzania, and the
United States. Global trade is forecast down as lower exports for the European Union, Russia, Serbia,
and South Africa more than offset increases for Canada and Tanzania. Global imports are forecast down
as reduced forecasts for Canada, China, and Iran more than offset a raise to the European Union, India,
Mexico, and the Philippines. The U.S. season-average farm price is down 10 cents to $4.10 per bushel.
OVERVIEW FOR 2023/24
Global corn production is forecast up this month as increases for Canada and Tanzania more than offset
a reduction for South Africa. Global trade is forecast down as lower exports for Brazil more than offset
increases to Canada and the United States. Global imports are forecast up on increases for China, India,
Mexico, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Venezuela. The U.S. season-average farm price is
unchanged at $4.65 per bushel.
CORN PRICES
Source: International Grains Council
Export bids (fob, US$ per ton)
9-Sep-24
7-Aug-24
8-Sep-23
% change, ’23 - ‘24
Argentina, Up River
191
184
235
-19%
Brazil, Paranaguá
204
192
225
-9%
Ukraine
202
205
N/A
N/A
U.S. #3 Yellow Corn, Gulf
206
182
236
-13%
Since the August WASDE, export bids for all major origins except Ukraine have increased. U.S. bids rose
sharply, up $24/ton to $206, to become the most expensive origin. Robust demand for large supplies of
U.S. corn and higher barge rates to Gulf ports supported higher bids. Ukraine bids were down $3/ton to
$202. Lower bids reflected light harvest pressure amid muted supply expectations for the 2024/25 crop.
Brazil bids were up $12/ton to $204 and Argentina bids were up $7/ton to $184. With harvest largely
complete in both countries, rises mostly reflected movements in Northern Hemisphere crops.
150
165
180
195
210
225
240
255
270
$/ton
Selected Export Bids, FOB
Argentina Brazil Ukraine U.S.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 13 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
TRADE CHANGES IN 2024/25 (1,000 MT)
Country
Commodity
Attribute
Previous
Current
Change
Reason
Australia
Barley
Exports
6,000
6,700
700
Larger crop
Sorghum
Exports
1,900
2,100
200
Canada
Barley
Exports
2,300
2,000
-300
Smaller crop
Corn
Exports
1,700
1,900
200
Carryover change
Corn
Imports
2,700
2,200
-500
Larger crop
Oats
Exports
1,450
1,250
-200
Smaller crop
China
Barley
Imports
10,200
10,500
300
Larger Australia trade
Corn
Imports
23,000
21,000
-2,000
Lower Brazil exports
Sorghum
Imports
6,300
7,200
900
Higher global supplies
European
Union
Corn
Exports
3,500
3,300
-200
Smaller crop
Corn
Imports
18,000
19,000
1,000
India
Corn
Imports
300
500
200
Imports for ethanol
Iran
Corn
Imports
8,200
7,800
-400
Smaller Russia trade
Mexico
Corn
Imports
22,000
22,500
500
Carryover change
Philippines
Corn
Imports
1,100
1,350
250
Carryover change
Russia
Corn
Exports
4,200
3,800
-400
Smaller crop
Serbia
Corn
Exports
1,600
1,400
-200
Smaller crop
South Africa
Corn
Exports
3,000
2,800
-200
Smaller crop
Tanzania Corn Exports 550 1,100 550
Larger crops in both back
year and outyear
United States
Sorghum
Exports
4,600
5,200
600
Larger crop
TRADE CHANGES IN 2023/24 (1,000 MT) - based on trade data
Country
Commodity
Attribute
Previous
Current
Change
Brazil
Corn
Exports
51,000
49,000
-2,000
Canada
Corn
Exports
1,800
2,000
200
China
Barley
Imports
14,500
15,000
500
Corn
Imports
23,000
23,500
500
Sorghum
Imports
7,500
7,700
200
India
Corn
Imports
500
750
250
Mexico
Corn
Imports
22,500
23,500
1,000
Philippines
Corn
Imports
1,100
1,300
200
Saudi Arabia
Corn
Imports
4,000
4,500
500
Turkey
Corn
Imports
3,000
3,500
500
Ukraine
Barley
Exports
2,300
3,200
900
United States
Corn
Exports
57,000
58,000
1,000
Venezuela
Corn
Imports
1,000
1,200
200
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 14 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
ENDNOTES
REGIONAL TABLES
North America: Canada, Mexico, the United States
Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama
Caribbean: Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago
South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname,
Uruguay, Venezuela
EU: Austria, Belgium/Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, and Sweden. Effective January 1, 2021, the separation of
the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) was complete, including trade between both
entities. Starting in May 2021 with the release of 2021/22 data, grain PSDs reflect EU27 (shown in the
PSD system as “European Union”) and UK separately. Beginning with the release of 2021/22 data,
historical data for both EU27 and the UK are provided for 5 years (2016/17 through 2020/21). See below
for notes on prior years’ EU Consolidated data.
Other Europe: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Former Yugoslavia, Gibraltar, Iceland, North
Macedonia, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland, United Kingdom
Former Soviet Union: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
Middle East: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria,
Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
Sub-Saharan Africa: all African countries except North Africa
East Asia:
China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Macau, Mongolia, Taiwan
South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia: Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand,
Vietnam
Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 15 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
OTHER NOTES
Marketing Years (MY): MY refers to the 12-month period at the onset of the main harvest, when the
crop is marketed (i.e., consumed, traded, or stored). The year first listed begins a country's MY for that
commodity (2022/23 starts in 2022); except for summer grains in certain Southern Hemisphere
countries and for rice in selected countries, where the second year begins the MY (2022/23 starts in
2023). Key exporter MY’s are:
Wheat
Corn
Barley
Sorghum
Argentina (Dec/Nov)
Argentina (Mar/Feb)
Australia (Nov/Oct)
Argentina (Mar/Feb)
Australia (Oct/Sep)
Brazil (Mar/Feb)
Canada (Aug/Jul)
Australia (Mar/Feb)
Canada (Aug/Jul)
Russia (Oct/Sep)
European Union (Jul/Jun)
United States (Sep/Aug)
China (Jul/Jun)
South Africa (May/Apr)
Kazakhstan (Jul/Jun)
European Union (Jul/Jun)
Ukraine (Oct/Sep)
Russia (Jul/Jun)
India (Apr/Mar)
United States (Sep/Aug)
Ukraine (Jul/Jun)
Kazakhstan (Sep/Aug)
United States (Jun/May)
Russia (Jul/Jun)
Turkey (Jun/May)
Ukraine (Jul/Jun)
United States (Jun/May)
For a complete list of local marketing years, please see the FAS website
(https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/): go to Reports, Reference Data, and then Data Availability.
Prices: Many export bids and quotes in this publication are Free-On Board (FOB). FOB is a term of sale
meaning that the shipper will pay all costs to deliver and load the cargo at a specified place, usually a ship,
and then the receiver pays the costs from there on — normally the ocean freight and all subsequent costs
of unloading and delivery. All references to ton, unless otherwise specified, refer to metric tons – 2204.62
U.S. pounds/1,000 kilograms.
Stocks: Unless otherwise stated, stock data are based on an aggregate of differing local marketing years
and should not be construed as representing world stock levels at a fixed point in time.
Consumption: World totals for consumption reflect total utilization, including food, seed, industrial,
feed, and waste; as well as differences in local marketing year imports and local marketing year exports.
Consumption statistics for regions and individual countries, however, reflect food, seed, industrial, feed,
and waste only.
Trade: All PSD tables are balanced on the different local marketing years. All trade tables contain Trade
Year (TY) data which puts all countries on a uniform, 12-month period for analytical comparisons: wheat
is July/June; coarse grains, corn, barley, sorghum, oats, and rye are Oct/Sept; and rice is calendar year
(TY 2022/23 corresponds to Jan – Dec 2023).
EU Consolidation:
Effective January 1, 2021, the separation of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) was
complete, including trade between both entities. Starting in May 2021 with the release of 2021/22 data,
field crops PSDs reflect EU27 (shown in the PSD system as “European Union”) and UK separately.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 16 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
Beginning with the release of 2021/22 data, historical data for both EU27 and the UK are provided for 5
years (2016/17 through 2020/21). The trade figures starting from 1999/00 through 2015/16 represents
the European Union (EU27 plus UK) and excludes all intra-trade. For the years 1960/61 through
1998/99, figures are the EU-15 and also exclude all intra-trade. EU-15 member states' data for grains are
no longer maintained in the official USDA database. Data for the individual NMS-10, plus Bulgaria,
Romania, and Croatia, exists only prior to 1999/00.
Statistics: (1) Wheat trade statistics include wheat (1001), flour (1101), bulgur (190430), and selected
pasta products (190219, 190230, and 190240) on a grain-equivalent basis (all wheat flour and products
are multiplied by 1.368). (2) Rice trade statistics include rough (100610), brown (100620), milled
(100630), and broken (100640) on a milled-equivalent basis (rough rice is multiplied by 0.7 and brown
rice is multiplied by 0.875). (3) Coarse grains statistics include corn, barley, sorghum, oats, rye, millet,
and mixed grains but exclude trade in barley malt, millet, and mixed grains.
Unaccounted: This term includes grain in transit, reporting discrepancies in some countries, and trade
to countries outside the USDA database.
The Global Commodity Analysis Division, Global Market Analysis, Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA,
Washington, DC 20250, prepared this publication. Information is gathered from official statistics of
foreign governments and other foreign source materials, reports of U.S. agricultural attachés and
Foreign Service officers, office research, and related information. Further information may be obtained
by writing the Division or calling (202) 720-3448.
Note: For further details on world grain production, please see World Agricultural Production 2024.
This publication is available in its entirety on the Internet via the Foreign Agricultural Service Home
Page. The address is: http://www.fas.usda.gov
Hannah Austin (202) 456-7890 Hannah.Austin@usda.gov Wheat
Amy Gaito (202) 772-4890 [email protected] Wheat
Rachel Trego (202) 720-1073 Rachel.Trego@usda.gov Wheat/Rice
Adolfo Escoto (202) 235-7550 Adolfo.Escoto@usda.gov Rice
Samuel Driggers (202) 720-1073 [email protected]ov Rice
Eric Gero (202) 869-9092 [email protected] Coarse Grains
Nigel Hunter (202) 720-8096 Nigel.Hunter@usda.gov Coarse Grains
Kevin Min (202) 720-0626 [email protected] Coarse Grains
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 17 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
DATA TABLES
Page Intentionally Left Blank
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 18 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
All Grain Summary Comparison
Million Metric Tons
Marketing Year
Wheat Rice, Milled Corn
2024/252023/242022/232024/252023/242022/232024/252023/242022/23
Production
United States (Jun-May)
44.9 49.3 53.9 5.1 6.9 7.0 346.7 389.7 385.7
Other
744.6 741.2 743.0 510.9 513.7 520.3 813.0 834.6 832.9
World Total
789.5 790.5 796.9 516.0 520.6 527.3 1,159.7 1,224.3 1,218.6
Domestic Consumption
United States (Jun-May)
30.3 30.2 30.9 4.6 4.9 5.0 305.9 320.8 321.7
Other
750.4 769.5 767.8 517.3 515.3 519.2 857.9 889.5 892.2
World Total
780.7 799.7 798.7 521.9 520.2 524.2 1,163.8 1,210.3 1,213.9
Ending Stocks
United States (Jun-May)
15.5 19.1 22.5 1.0 1.3 1.4 34.6 46.0 52.3
Other
258.1 246.1 234.7 178.8 176.1 175.8 268.2 263.6 256.0
World Total
273.6 265.2 257.2 179.8 177.4 177.2 302.8 309.6 308.3
TY Imports
United States (Jun-May)
3.3 3.8 3.0 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.7
Other
208.9 217.1 207.5 50.0 51.5 50.0 172.3 192.8 185.4
World Total
212.2 220.9 210.5 51.4 53.0 51.5 173.3 193.5 186.1
TY Exports
United States (Jun-May)
20.3 19.6 22.5 2.4 3.2 3.2 42.8 58.0 58.0
Other
197.4 204.8 194.0 50.9 52.3 50.8 138.0 140.7 134.8
World Total
217.7 224.4 216.5 53.3 55.5 54.0 180.8 198.7 192.8
Note: Consumption in this table has not been adjusted for differences in marketing year imports and exports
and therefore differs from global totals shown elsewhere. Marketing years for U.S. grains are: Wheat
(Jun-May), Rice (Aug-Jul), Corn (Sep-Aug).'Marketing Year' column is germane for U.S. wheat only.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 19 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Wheat, Flour, and Products Trade
July/June Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
Sep
none
TY Exports
48,00048,00055,50049,00033,00039,100 Russia
31,50034,00037,87035,07931,92729,736 European Union
26,00025,00025,66425,33415,01027,722 Canada
25,00023,00022,50432,32925,95819,720 Australia
15,00014,00018,57717,12218,84416,851 Ukraine
11,50011,5007,2824,68117,6519,597 Argentina
10,50010,5008,4099,8628,4558,128 Kazakhstan
8,5008,5009,9916,9536,6466,571 Turkey
3,0003,0002,8122,6893,105911 Brazil
1,8001,8001,7001,1191,394974 Uzbekistan
13,20313,05214,46713,24121,84913,672 Others
194,003192,352204,776197,409183,839172,982 Subtotal
22,50022,50019,59420,27921,34726,636 United States
216,503214,852224,370217,688205,186199,618 World Total
none
TY Imports
12,00012,00013,63513,2829,56810,618 China
12,00012,00012,31111,22111,25612,149 Egypt
12,00012,00013,0159,44611,2719,995 Indonesia
11,50011,00012,63112,1934,6315,390 European Union
9,0009,0009,5008,7008,5007,680 Algeria
7,5007,5006,2055,7704,7265,191 Morocco
7,0006,0006,9005,7506,8866,105 Philippines
7,0008,0008,92212,5009,5558,051 Turkey
6,9006,5006,8005,1206,3407,200 Bangladesh
5,6005,6005,9214,9856,5826,359 Brazil
5,6005,6005,2905,2325,3264,724 Mexico
5,5005,2005,1054,7326,1876,586 Nigeria
5,3005,3005,3465,4525,6055,493 Japan
5,3004,5005,4414,3174,5173,900 Vietnam
4,5004,5004,4004,3504,0003,700 Afghanistan
4,4004,4004,9904,5335,0993,889 Korea, South
4,3004,3003,8004,2693,3183,546 Uzbekistan
3,9003,9003,9804,1573,4424,058 Yemen
3,6003,6003,8895,2603,0522,773 Saudi Arabia
3,3003,3003,3163,1632,3513,306 Thailand
3,2003,2003,1192,0162,6353,033 United Kingdom
2,6002,6002,5912,3242,0422,092 Kenya
2,4002,4002,7613,9862,5762,175 Iraq
2,4002,4002,3002,2762,3812,064 Sudan
2,1002,1001,9732,0362,0571,906 Colombia
58,61058,74063,02461,84765,29159,937 Others
207,510205,640217,165208,917199,194191,920 Subtotal
5,9936,2123,4265,5023,2615,012 Unaccounted
3,0003,0003,7793,2692,7312,686 United States
216,503214,852224,370217,688205,186199,618 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 20 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Wheat Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
Sep
none
Production
140,000140,000136,590137,723136,946134,250 China
124,000128,000134,865134,292138,479126,684 European Union
114,000114,000110,554104,000109,586107,860 India
83,00083,00091,50092,00075,15885,352 Russia
35,00035,00032,94634,80722,42235,437 Canada
32,00030,00025,96040,54536,23731,923 Australia
31,40031,40028,16126,20927,46425,248 Pakistan
22,30021,60023,00021,50033,00725,420 Ukraine
19,00019,00021,00017,25016,00018,250 Turkey
18,00018,00015,85012,55022,15017,640 Argentina
16,00016,00012,11116,40411,81414,256 Kazakhstan
14,50014,50014,00013,20012,00015,000 Iran
10,85010,85013,98015,54013,9889,658 United Kingdom
9,5009,5008,10010,5547,6796,235 Brazil
9,2009,2008,8709,5009,8429,102 Egypt
64,19864,29863,73958,51362,82860,867 Others
742,948744,348741,226744,587735,600723,182 Subtotal
53,93053,93049,31444,89844,80449,523 United States
796,878798,278790,540789,485780,404772,705 World Total
none
Total Consumption
151,000151,000153,500148,000148,000155,000 China
113,000113,000112,342108,665109,882102,217 India
108,750110,250111,000109,000108,250104,750 European Union
38,75038,75040,50041,00041,75042,500 Russia
31,20031,20030,20029,00027,70026,300 Pakistan
20,10020,10020,50020,55020,50020,500 Egypt
19,90020,20019,80020,20020,10020,600 Turkey
17,10017,10017,30018,10018,20017,400 Iran
14,50014,00015,40015,00015,32413,240 United Kingdom
11,95011,95011,75011,57011,37011,150 Algeria
11,90011,90012,00011,85011,75011,800 Brazil
11,60011,60011,3009,80010,50010,100 Indonesia
10,10010,10010,00010,00010,50010,300 Morocco
9,6009,6009,1008,5008,2508,200 Afghanistan
9,6009,3009,1058,3129,6429,100 Canada
188,696186,591185,673180,829186,161183,826 Others
773,984773,098768,696759,044760,434755,936 Subtotal
30,91730,91730,22730,33130,41130,185 United States
804,901804,015798,923789,375790,845786,121 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
134,503134,503134,503138,818136,759139,120 China
9,91310,15314,66316,03713,63110,698 European Union
8,5008,5007,5009,50019,50027,800 India
6,7386,73810,18814,38812,08811,380 Russia
5,5765,2715,5315,0814,3514,724 Algeria
4,5333,0764,5835,6254,1695,953 Canada
4,4674,4674,9673,9194,5303,056 Pakistan
60,46961,38964,20564,76160,13758,229 Others
234,699234,097246,140258,129255,165260,960 Subtotal
22,52522,52519,10715,50118,35523,001 United States
257,224256,622265,247273,630273,520283,961 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 21 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
Regional Wheat Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Aug
2024/25
Sep
2024/25
TY Imports none
7,959 North America 8,615 9,046 9,626 9,150 9,150
2,171 Central America 2,130 2,044 2,225 2,290 2,290
15,292 South America 14,789 13,035 14,271 13,940 13,940
5,390 European Union 4,631 12,193 12,631 11,000 11,500
4,611 Other Europe 4,413 3,630 4,872 4,925 4,925
8,925 Former Soviet Union - 12 10,577 13,496 10,758 10,180 10,130
27,125 Middle East 35,009 38,224 29,993 28,170 27,050
28,246 North Africa 27,477 29,209 31,436 31,900 31,900
26,731 Sub-Saharan Africa 26,831 24,314 28,055 28,475 28,865
22,206 East Asia 22,166 25,079 26,047 23,840 23,840
16,437 South Asia 13,945 13,388 16,019 12,725 13,075
26,042 Southeast Asia 27,957 25,203 31,354 28,565 30,365
3,471 Others 3,385 3,325 3,657 3,480 3,480
194,606 Total 201,925 212,186 220,944 208,640 210,510
Production none
87,947 North America 70,510 83,316 85,736 91,730 91,730
27,627 South America 33,424 27,055 28,107 31,690 31,690
126,684 European Union 138,479 134,292 134,865 128,000 124,000
14,185 Other Europe 18,856 20,450 19,044 15,490 15,490
139,464 Former Soviet Union - 12 133,980 143,924 140,983 135,790 136,490
41,572 Middle East 34,457 36,234 44,170 43,892 43,892
16,014 North Africa 21,277 17,238 16,371 16,050 16,050
9,409 Sub-Saharan Africa 9,646 9,403 9,462 9,597 9,497
135,744 East Asia 138,736 139,288 138,296 141,734 141,734
141,601 South Asia 144,299 137,257 147,075 153,790 153,790
32,377 Oceania 36,660 40,948 26,351 30,435 32,435
81 Others 80 80 80 80 80
772,705 Total 780,404 789,485 790,540 798,278 796,878
Domestic Consumption none
46,435 North America 47,478 46,443 47,232 48,017 48,317
29,578 South America 29,482 29,695 30,075 30,005 30,005
104,750 European Union 108,250 109,000 111,000 110,250 108,750
18,500 Other Europe 20,534 20,160 20,830 19,345 19,845
78,220 Former Soviet Union - 12 77,610 76,260 75,055 73,915 73,415
63,222 Middle East 63,240 63,661 63,531 64,745 64,425
46,520 North Africa 46,920 46,720 46,730 46,800 46,800
34,708 Sub-Saharan Africa 35,483 33,528 35,254 36,333 36,458
167,368 East Asia 161,359 160,615 166,384 163,573 163,573
148,551 South Asia 157,627 156,102 162,430 164,755 165,005
26,040 Southeast Asia 26,595 25,280 28,200 27,280 29,030
9,460 Oceania 10,015 9,665 9,165 8,710 9,210
3,816 Others 3,697 3,578 3,811 3,830 3,830
777,168 Total 788,290 780,707 799,697 797,558 798,663
Ending Stocks none
29,207 North America 23,038 21,883 24,463 26,222 27,731
6,458 South America 4,808 7,473 7,659 6,756 7,344
10,698 European Union 13,631 16,037 14,663 10,153 9,913
2,377 Other Europe 2,918 3,970 5,004 4,205 3,659
17,775 Former Soviet Union - 12 22,644 25,159 16,927 13,583 14,114
16,309 Middle East 14,216 17,907 18,895 16,947 16,052
11,946 North Africa 12,719 12,149 11,031 10,145 10,581
4,443 Sub-Saharan Africa 4,279 3,790 4,916 5,368 5,575
141,907 East Asia 139,716 141,687 137,682 137,762 137,773
34,207 South Asia 26,145 14,658 14,374 14,951 15,049
4,646 Southeast Asia 4,777 3,391 5,209 5,305 5,214
3,326 Oceania 3,848 4,687 3,416 4,141 3,116
662 Others 781 839 1,008 1,084 1,103
283,961 Total 273,520 273,630 265,247 256,622 257,224
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 22 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Rice Trade
January/December Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
Sep
none
TY Exports
18,00018,00016,80017,73322,12221,240 India
7,5007,5008,8008,7367,6826,283 Thailand
7,4007,4008,6008,2257,0546,272 Vietnam
5,6005,6006,1004,5284,5623,928 Pakistan
2,9002,9002,9002,5002,3502,350 Cambodia
1,8001,8002,0001,5772,3351,900 Burma
1,4001,5001,3501,6022,1722,407 China
1,2001,2001,0001,2081,445782 Brazil
1,0001,000875991982704 Uruguay
850850800857752640 Paraguay
450450465399338406 Guyana
425425300293402400 Argentina
400400360365402412 European Union
25027026024820772 Australia
250250300258227241 Turkey
1,3691,3691,4101,3751,5751,690 Others
50,79450,91452,32050,89554,60749,727 Subtotal
3,2253,2253,1702,3972,1902,950 United States
54,01954,13955,49053,29256,79752,677 World Total
none
TY Imports
4,6004,6004,6003,9003,8002,950 Philippines
2,9502,9502,9002,7502,3502,300 Vietnam
2,2002,2002,2002,1702,4901,862 European Union
2,0002,0002,0002,0002,4002,100 Nigeria
1,9001,9002,2001,8452,1241,315 Iraq
1,7001,7001,6001,4871,3241,157 Saudi Arabia
1,5001,5001,5002,5976,1554,921 China
1,5001,5003,8003,500740650 Indonesia
1,5001,5001,4501,3131,5601,450 Cote d'Ivoire
1,4001,5001,4001,3001,5001,250 Senegal
1,3751,3751,6001,4101,2401,160 Malaysia
1,1501,1501,1001,2211,0341,000 South Africa
1,1001,1001,0007511,250880 Iran
1,0001,0001,000870850940 Guinea
9509501,100982826685 Brazil
9509508759001,025775 United Arab Emirates
9007008258106201,050 Ghana
860860870734796759 Mexico
850850850767706600 Burkina Faso
8008001,000936675620 Kenya
800800850740685705 Mozambique
700700680667638604 United Kingdom
690690685709669662 Japan
650650600480610500 Somalia
600600650400600600 Cameroon
15,39215,46714,25214,82717,73417,957 Others
50,01749,99251,58750,06654,40149,452 Subtotal
2,5022,6722,4531,8661,0812,247 Unaccounted
1,5001,4751,4501,3601,315978 United States
54,01954,13955,49053,29256,79752,677 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Note about dates: 2016/17 is calendar year 2017, 2017/18 is calendar year 2018, and so on.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 23 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Rice Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
Sep
none
Milled Production
146,000146,000144,620145,946148,990148,300 China
139,000138,000137,000135,755129,471124,368 India
37,30038,00037,00036,35035,85034,600 Bangladesh
34,00034,00033,02033,90034,40034,500 Indonesia
26,50026,50026,62527,14026,67027,381 Vietnam
20,10020,10020,00020,90919,87818,863 Thailand
12,70012,70012,32512,62512,54012,416 Philippines
12,10012,10011,90011,80012,40012,600 Burma
10,00010,0009,8697,3229,3238,420 Pakistan
7,5007,5007,2256,8227,3378,001 Brazil
7,3777,3777,1746,9636,5616,271 Cambodia
7,2007,2007,2727,4807,6367,570 Japan
5,2295,4815,6075,3555,2555,148 Nigeria
3,6003,6003,7803,6002,9004,000 Egypt
3,6003,6003,5303,6543,4173,744 Nepal
48,12948,54246,77045,31445,12645,884 Others
520,335520,700513,717510,935507,754502,066 Subtotal
6,9777,0096,9315,0826,0667,205 United States
527,312527,709520,648516,017513,820509,271 World Total
none
Consumption and Residual
145,100145,000148,115154,994156,360150,293 China
121,000120,000117,750114,510110,446101,052 India
37,80038,00037,60037,30036,50036,100 Bangladesh
36,50036,50036,00035,60035,30035,400 Indonesia
22,00022,00022,00021,90021,90021,700 Vietnam
17,30017,30016,60016,10015,40014,800 Philippines
12,60012,60012,50012,50012,50012,400 Thailand
10,20010,20010,10010,20010,30010,400 Burma
7,9507,9508,0008,1508,2008,200 Japan
7,6007,6007,5007,5007,3507,150 Nigeria
7,1007,1007,1007,0007,1507,350 Brazil
4,5004,5004,4004,4004,4004,400 Cambodia
4,1004,1004,0003,9253,9003,700 Pakistan
4,0754,0754,0504,0004,0504,300 Egypt
3,9504,0003,7804,2494,4124,969 Nepal
77,32977,40475,71774,93473,04471,376 Others
522,407521,883518,088515,336513,651498,386 Subtotal
5,0485,0804,9434,5964,7404,841 United States
527,455526,963523,031519,932518,391503,227 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
104,000104,000103,000106,600113,000116,500 China
39,00038,50039,00035,00034,00037,000 India
4,5204,2205,5204,7002,9003,060 Indonesia
3,6033,6033,6033,3783,1032,363 Philippines
2,7492,7492,6493,8494,1264,380 Thailand
1,7111,7112,0822,1752,0451,690 Nigeria
1,5951,5951,5452,6202,8552,789 Vietnam
18,61219,67118,73220,48120,38919,081 Others
175,790176,049176,131178,803182,418186,863 Subtotal
1,4481,3851,2509611,2611,387 United States
177,238177,434177,381179,764183,679188,250 World Total
Note: All data are reported on a milled basis.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 24 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
Regional Rice Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Aug
2024/25
Sep
2024/25
TY Imports none
2,147 North America 2,635 2,567 2,795 2,835 2,860
992 Caribbean 1,021 1,165 1,130 1,005 1,030
1,803 South America 1,815 1,936 2,140 1,965 1,965
714 Other Europe 729 749 780 810 810
587 Former Soviet Union - 12 666 570 620 590 590
6,205 Middle East 7,947 7,217 7,820 7,975 7,975
610 North Africa 863 731 725 880 905
15,935 Sub-Saharan Africa 17,004 15,558 16,020 16,295 16,320
6,562 East Asia 7,738 4,100 3,175 3,150 3,150
4,414 South Asia 3,082 1,382 980 1,510 1,460
7,749 Southeast Asia 8,698 12,180 13,542 11,105 11,105
1,862 European Union 2,490 2,170 2,200 2,200 2,200
50,430 Total 55,716 51,426 53,037 51,467 51,517
Production none
7,406 North America 6,247 5,225 7,081 7,169 7,137
886 Caribbean 885 841 862 885 885
17,308 South America 16,529 15,983 16,676 17,375 17,375
1,826 European Union 1,732 1,287 1,380 1,716 1,716
1,397 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,339 1,177 1,314 1,392 1,392
2,900 Middle East 2,723 2,607 2,560 2,860 2,821
4,042 North Africa 2,945 3,642 3,825 3,645 3,645
19,959 Sub-Saharan Africa 20,078 21,400 22,190 22,306 21,778
162,001 East Asia 162,961 159,653 158,087 159,365 159,365
174,807 South Asia 181,065 186,167 191,001 193,370 193,670
115,732 Southeast Asia 116,077 116,988 114,585 116,498 116,498
509,271 Total 513,820 516,017 520,648 527,709 527,312
Domestic Consumption none
6,213 North America 6,158 5,984 6,378 6,550 6,528
1,336 Central America 1,406 1,403 1,463 1,498 1,498
1,945 Caribbean 1,859 1,939 1,790 1,860 1,885
14,975 South America 14,915 14,712 14,908 14,980 14,975
3,400 European Union 3,500 3,300 3,250 3,350 3,350
1,703 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,714 1,590 1,763 1,796 1,796
9,194 Middle East 9,637 9,807 10,025 10,455 10,435
4,625 North Africa 4,359 4,329 4,625 4,600 4,625
34,490 Sub-Saharan Africa 35,736 37,792 37,307 38,312 38,202
165,430 East Asia 171,385 169,913 163,220 159,830 159,930
149,758 South Asia 159,193 163,945 167,280 170,370 171,120
104,251 Southeast Asia 104,965 105,989 106,956 108,581 108,581
498,431 Total 515,952 521,858 520,155 523,409 524,152
Ending Stocks none
1,591 North America 1,404 1,049 1,363 1,508 1,571
237 Central America 231 319 304 290 283
327 Caribbean 340 367 451 476 476
2,858 South America 2,311 1,877 2,034 2,193 2,174
682 European Union 905 811 681 847 847
1,483 Middle East 1,733 1,935 1,765 2,010 1,876
1,159 North Africa 613 600 550 470 470
3,319 Sub-Saharan Africa 4,038 4,676 4,490 4,132 4,006
119,971 East Asia 116,721 110,305 106,347 107,207 107,207
40,730 South Asia 39,290 40,011 42,978 42,717 42,709
15,571 Southeast Asia 15,538 17,375 15,971 15,118 15,218
86 Oceania 240 196 208 211 146
188,250 Total 183,679 179,764 177,381 177,434 177,238
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 25 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Coarse Grain Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
Sep
none
TY Exports
51,08551,08549,10553,30731,93827,504 Brazil
41,40041,40037,20129,44844,41840,977 Argentina
26,47026,47032,75529,76529,89529,049 Ukraine
10,17510,37011,35511,05212,81212,553 European Union
9,3108,4109,58010,50011,1099,705 Australia
8,1008,47512,46011,5157,3759,871 Russia
5,3305,6306,0307,8515,5527,219 Canada
2,8253,0202,6303,6263,8412,756 South Africa
2,7352,7353,1504,0063,2082,564 Paraguay
1,8001,8001,8002,0002,3002,600 Burma
9,6939,34312,18012,47214,00614,885 Others
168,923168,738178,246175,542166,454159,683 Subtotal
63,33562,71064,18645,90070,39475,623 United States
232,258231,448242,432221,442236,848235,306 World Total
none
TY Imports
39,12539,95046,63032,61941,49950,531 China
23,20022,77524,23520,29718,49817,301 Mexico
20,54019,57021,62525,63921,56715,820 European Union
16,91016,91016,92816,45016,50616,972 Japan
12,20012,20012,00010,1229,65311,947 Vietnam
11,89811,89811,41711,22811,61711,804 Korea, South
9,60010,00010,0008,00010,30210,902 Iran
7,8707,8707,5076,2389,7719,653 Egypt
6,9506,9506,8306,6976,8466,132 Colombia
6,8056,8056,0106,3948,7789,128 Saudi Arabia
5,6055,6055,6054,2363,9655,004 Algeria
4,7754,7754,6804,2694,6444,472 Taiwan
3,8503,8503,7553,4953,6463,851 Peru
3,7303,7303,6753,4763,6973,726 Malaysia
3,5563,5563,8562,9792,7242,937 Morocco
2,5902,5902,8762,1662,6372,695 United Kingdom
2,3462,7913,0342,2966,3411,871 Canada
2,2702,2702,4802,4302,5642,557 Chile
2,1052,1053,6574,3605,8613,395 Turkey
1,9151,9152,2512,3534,0642,679 Brazil
1,8001,8001,8001,6181,5741,358 Guatemala
1,7001,7001,4501,8631,9561,180 Jordan
1,7001,7001,6001,5871,7952,004 Tunisia
1,7001,6001,9001,9651,5682,881 Thailand
1,5501,5501,4001,5431,3951,725 Libya
25,27324,23626,63123,87825,69124,494 Others
221,563220,701233,832208,198229,159227,019 Subtotal
8,2208,2726,1249,8905,0375,758 Unaccounted
2,4752,4752,4763,3542,6522,529 United States
232,258231,448242,432221,442236,848235,306 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 26 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Coarse Grains Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
Sep
none
Production
300,300300,300297,142285,704281,549269,083 China
138,460140,650136,412133,057155,030155,464 European Union
133,762133,762128,540143,479120,50690,608 Brazil
59,49159,49158,38642,91461,14263,009 Argentina
56,90056,90056,01356,77651,38551,387 India
36,80037,40042,54044,13238,53841,396 Russia
33,42233,32239,78033,92553,51439,585 Ukraine
30,36030,36027,81533,87732,78532,662 Mexico
26,22827,11527,52430,53525,12429,644 Canada
20,10020,10019,01221,69621,39720,895 Nigeria
17,91017,91017,56017,46617,37318,560 Ethiopia
17,61817,53314,21117,52716,63617,814 South Africa
16,26915,36914,44418,84219,21918,560 Australia
15,06015,06017,04514,83911,47715,812 Turkey
13,20013,20012,70012,40012,70012,600 Indonesia
188,608189,438187,062188,088187,880195,639 Others
1,104,4881,107,9101,096,1861,095,2571,106,2551,072,718 Subtotal
397,959396,381402,886356,449396,297372,258 United States
1,502,4471,504,2911,499,0721,451,7061,502,5521,444,976 World Total
none
Domestic Consumption
340,525339,350337,030321,568320,711312,707 China
149,855150,680148,150150,072158,273159,483 European Union
88,68787,63787,60884,98576,03974,612 Brazil
58,35058,15056,27753,70348,04547,546 India
54,08053,20053,67052,74550,76549,835 Mexico
29,45029,55030,39033,15031,10931,042 Russia
24,09524,49524,62924,75925,79224,628 Canada
20,20020,20020,15921,59121,17720,955 Nigeria
18,84118,84118,57617,63019,34420,220 Argentina
17,93017,93017,80017,38217,89818,644 Ethiopia
17,42017,47017,55917,95417,60918,112 Turkey
17,19017,19017,15816,80416,82217,290 Japan
16,34016,34015,74014,55617,89117,273 Egypt
15,05015,05014,75014,47215,30017,200 Vietnam
14,40014,40014,00013,40013,80013,300 Indonesia
289,223289,588283,709282,261288,401301,344 Others
1,177,7701,175,8121,164,1781,144,1801,162,4621,144,041 Subtotal
330,259330,260329,528314,967324,909317,604 United States
1,508,0291,506,0721,493,7061,459,1471,487,3711,461,645 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
212,357213,857213,482206,765210,020207,691 China
13,61013,77414,65016,17418,80514,507 European Union
3,5583,5515,55310,7244,5365,120 Brazil
3,0983,1543,6495,2963,9443,604 Mexico
2,7672,7023,6283,7173,7063,628 Canada
2,7552,7553,7653,5893,3873,359 India
2,7142,7142,4592,1355,5823,998 Argentina
38,12237,92843,39148,57654,09850,452 Others
278,981280,435290,577296,976304,078292,359 Subtotal
54,91555,45648,90137,13637,47534,013 United States
333,896335,891339,478334,112341,553326,372 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 27 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
Regional Coarse Grains Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Aug
2024/25
Sep
2024/25
TY Imports none
21,701 North America 27,491 25,947 29,745 28,041 28,021
4,744 Central America 5,400 5,450 5,750 5,850 5,850
2,394 Caribbean 2,151 2,009 2,120 2,236 2,236
16,844 South America 18,716 16,918 17,197 16,243 16,243
15,820 European Union 21,567 25,639 21,625 19,570 20,540
771 Former Soviet Union - 12 813 1,325 1,080 937 967
32,289 Middle East 33,443 26,328 27,957 26,486 26,086
21,323 North Africa 19,650 16,583 19,968 20,281 20,281
3,591 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,963 3,694 4,637 4,651 5,161
83,818 East Asia 74,316 64,611 79,700 73,578 72,753
20,169 Southeast Asia 17,339 17,979 20,835 20,025 20,375
6,084 Others 6,962 5,069 5,694 5,278 5,525
229,548 Total 231,811 211,552 236,308 223,176 224,038
Production none
434,564 North America 454,206 420,861 458,225 453,856 454,547
168,489 South America 198,994 202,131 201,507 210,200 210,200
155,464 European Union 155,030 133,057 136,412 140,650 138,460
21,820 Other Europe 18,070 16,675 18,372 18,378 17,808
94,843 Former Soviet Union - 12 105,816 91,079 95,655 84,965 84,365
26,534 Middle East 17,922 21,561 23,930 23,969 23,969
9,799 North Africa 12,704 11,099 10,811 11,177 11,177
132,985 Sub-Saharan Africa 126,076 131,389 124,815 125,426 125,411
271,807 East Asia 284,367 288,514 299,960 303,128 303,128
69,463 South Asia 69,687 76,955 75,098 76,318 76,318
35,693 Southeast Asia 35,481 34,714 35,030 35,920 35,920
19,111 Oceania 19,778 19,393 15,021 15,924 16,824
4,404 Others 4,421 4,278 4,236 4,380 4,320
1,444,976 Total 1,502,552 1,451,706 1,499,072 1,504,291 1,502,447
Domestic Consumption none
392,067 North America 401,466 392,471 407,827 407,955 408,434
122,073 South America 122,415 129,651 133,151 134,212 135,272
159,483 European Union 158,273 150,072 148,150 150,680 149,855
20,688 Other Europe 18,928 17,827 18,365 19,514 19,294
56,730 Former Soviet Union - 12 57,151 54,735 51,357 50,791 50,846
56,990 Middle East 52,657 48,607 49,198 51,711 51,261
32,953 North Africa 31,904 26,979 31,231 31,996 31,996
129,813 Sub-Saharan Africa 124,479 130,109 127,598 127,464 127,304
349,032 East Asia 356,452 356,747 372,852 375,780 376,955
68,356 South Asia 68,611 75,183 75,551 77,984 78,184
53,211 Southeast Asia 51,326 49,746 51,344 52,059 52,359
8,791 Oceania 8,394 8,257 7,983 7,844 7,844
11,608 Others 11,829 11,615 12,126 12,341 12,291
1,461,795 Total 1,463,885 1,451,999 1,486,733 1,500,331 1,501,895
Ending Stocks none
41,245 North America 45,125 46,149 56,178 61,312 60,780
12,533 South America 13,304 15,563 10,325 8,486 8,494
14,507 European Union 18,805 16,174 14,650 13,774 13,610
2,971 Other Europe 2,655 2,393 2,853 2,147 2,094
5,219 Former Soviet Union - 12 12,309 7,659 6,157 4,068 3,886
6,595 Middle East 5,209 5,740 6,280 5,579 5,579
2,765 North Africa 3,229 2,918 3,148 2,825 2,809
13,295 Sub-Saharan Africa 13,005 12,546 10,364 8,954 9,328
212,080 East Asia 214,303 210,671 217,454 217,865 216,355
5,647 South Asia 5,329 6,271 5,771 4,735 4,735
5,545 Southeast Asia 3,605 3,146 3,554 3,428 3,427
3,084 Oceania 3,722 3,995 1,832 1,692 1,782
886 Others 953 887 912 1,026 1,017
326,372 Total 341,553 334,112 339,478 335,891 333,896
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 28 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Corn Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
Sep
none
TY Exports
51,00051,00049,00053,28531,92127,492 Brazil
37,00037,00033,00025,74038,85336,544 Argentina
24,00024,00029,50027,12226,98023,864 Ukraine
3,8004,2006,2005,9004,0003,989 Russia
3,3003,5004,4004,1966,0273,735 European Union
2,8003,0002,6003,6193,8302,751 South Africa
2,7002,7003,1003,9683,1872,563 Paraguay
1,9001,7002,0002,8392,2001,592 Canada
1,8001,8001,8002,0002,3002,600 Burma
1,4001,6002,1005341,4953,157 Serbia
5,0924,5926,9668,7989,8427,669 Others
134,792135,092140,666138,001130,635115,956 Subtotal
58,00058,00058,00042,84462,90368,293 United States
192,792193,092198,666180,845193,538184,249 World Total
none
TY Imports
22,50022,00023,50019,39217,58416,498 Mexico
21,00023,00023,50018,71121,88429,512 China
19,00018,00019,50023,18819,73514,493 European Union
15,50015,50015,50014,92715,00315,471 Japan
11,80011,80011,30011,09911,51011,708 Korea, South
11,70011,70011,5009,5009,10011,200 Vietnam
7,8007,8007,5006,2159,7639,633 Egypt
7,8008,2008,5006,7008,6007,200 Iran
6,6006,6006,5006,3436,5125,795 Colombia
5,0005,0004,9004,0693,2734,215 Algeria
4,7004,7004,6004,1934,5534,386 Taiwan
4,6004,6004,5003,2894,0713,017 Saudi Arabia
3,7003,7003,6503,4483,6783,700 Malaysia
3,7003,7003,6003,3243,5143,679 Peru
2,7002,7002,5502,2441,9632,474 Morocco
2,4502,4502,6502,0362,5212,546 United Kingdom
2,2002,7002,9002,2376,1081,550 Canada
2,2002,2002,4002,3442,4972,333 Chile
1,8001,8001,8001,6181,5741,358 Guatemala
1,7001,7003,5002,3883,7821,761 Turkey
1,6001,5001,8001,3461,4801,838 Thailand
1,5501,5501,5001,3861,3541,492 Dominican Republic
1,4001,4001,5001,6843,3162,281 Brazil
1,3501,1001,3001,024669338 Philippines
1,1001,1001,0001,010852829 Costa Rica
19,97919,21921,33918,53221,51619,910 Others
185,429185,719192,789172,247186,412179,217 Subtotal
6,7136,7235,1777,5776,5194,403 Unaccounted
6506507001,021607629 United States
192,792193,092198,666180,845193,538184,249 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 29 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Corn Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
Sep
none
Production
292,000292,000288,842277,200272,552260,670 China
127,000127,000122,000137,000116,00087,000 Brazil
59,00060,50061,45252,32971,67267,440 European Union
51,00051,00050,00036,00052,00055,000 Argentina
37,50037,50037,50038,08533,73031,647 India
27,20027,20032,50027,00042,12630,297 Ukraine
25,00025,00022,70028,07726,76227,346 Mexico
17,00017,00013,70017,10016,13716,951 South Africa
15,20014,50015,42114,53914,61113,563 Canada
13,50014,10016,60015,83215,22513,872 Russia
13,20013,20012,70012,40012,70012,600 Indonesia
11,00011,00011,05312,94912,74512,400 Nigeria
10,20010,20010,00010,2009,40010,022 Ethiopia
9,5009,5009,84710,9859,5258,940 Pakistan
8,5008,5008,1008,3228,3448,352 Philippines
116,038116,883122,217114,932122,675117,943 Others
832,838835,083834,632812,950836,204774,043 Subtotal
385,730384,741389,694346,739381,469357,819 United States
1,218,5681,219,8241,224,3261,159,6891,217,6731,131,862 World Total
none
Total Consumption
313,000313,000307,000299,000291,000285,000 China
81,50080,50080,50078,00071,00070,500 Brazil
75,30075,60077,10074,80081,70077,700 European Union
48,00047,10047,60046,00044,00043,800 Mexico
38,60038,40037,75034,70030,00027,850 India
15,70015,50016,10014,92717,98413,976 Canada
15,55015,55015,50015,00015,04015,450 Japan
15,40015,40014,80013,70017,00016,400 Egypt
14,80014,80014,80014,20015,70016,800 Argentina
14,55014,55014,25013,85014,75016,450 Vietnam
14,40014,40014,00013,40013,80013,300 Indonesia
13,40013,40013,10013,23912,65513,220 South Africa
11,85011,85011,35011,35011,56011,780 Korea, South
11,20011,20012,20012,90012,60012,500 Nigeria
10,25010,25010,15010,0009,7009,900 Ethiopia
198,678199,348203,310192,760203,715198,440 Others
898,141896,466896,707864,675883,978841,032 Subtotal
321,706321,706320,816305,928315,665308,215 United States
1,219,8471,218,1721,217,5231,170,6031,199,6431,149,247 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
211,342212,842211,362206,040209,137205,704 China
6,8816,8837,4818,02911,5087,828 European Union
2,8412,8414,84110,0413,9714,653 Brazil
2,6342,6343,1644,5943,1753,079 Mexico
1,9871,9871,9421,8982,0562,018 Korea, South
1,8581,8582,7582,6582,3952,028 India
1,7441,7441,5391,3244,7483,132 Argentina
26,80326,71730,51833,68941,77335,908 Others
256,090257,506263,605268,273278,763264,350 Subtotal
52,25852,66646,02234,55134,97531,358 United States
308,348310,172309,627302,824313,738295,708 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 30 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
Regional Corn Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Aug
2024/25
Sep
2024/25
TY Imports none
18,677 North America 24,299 22,650 27,100 25,350 25,350
4,744 Central America 5,400 5,450 5,750 5,850 5,850
15,639 South America 17,371 15,503 15,785 15,070 15,070
14,493 European Union 19,735 23,188 19,500 18,000 19,000
322 Former Soviet Union - 12 430 472 397 291 291
17,805 Middle East 21,804 17,086 22,320 19,350 18,950
18,000 North Africa 16,809 14,142 16,650 17,300 17,300
2,895 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,384 2,962 3,894 3,973 4,493
61,116 East Asia 53,000 48,975 54,945 55,045 53,045
18,130 Southeast Asia 16,222 16,394 20,035 19,220 19,570
2,391 Caribbean 2,147 2,008 2,115 2,235 2,235
5,634 Others 6,418 4,438 4,998 4,685 4,925
179,846 Total 187,019 173,268 193,489 186,369 186,079
Production none
398,728 North America 422,842 389,355 427,815 424,241 425,930
153,223 South America 182,556 185,815 183,686 191,920 191,905
67,440 European Union 71,672 52,329 61,452 60,500 59,000
10,320 Other Europe 7,591 5,875 8,210 7,548 6,978
48,974 Former Soviet Union - 12 64,144 47,724 55,089 47,057 46,357
9,315 Middle East 8,753 9,461 10,948 9,849 9,849
6,433 North Africa 7,507 7,487 7,262 7,672 7,672
85,615 Sub-Saharan Africa 86,374 85,664 83,647 80,254 80,154
263,041 East Asia 275,026 279,702 291,348 294,510 294,510
48,795 South Asia 51,243 57,255 55,581 55,924 55,924
3,431 Central America 3,499 3,459 3,447 3,526 3,466
35,403 Southeast Asia 35,191 34,424 34,740 35,630 35,630
1,144 Others 1,275 1,139 1,101 1,193 1,193
1,131,862 Total 1,217,673 1,159,689 1,224,326 1,219,824 1,218,568
Domestic Consumption none
365,991 North America 377,649 366,855 384,516 384,306 385,406
110,489 South America 110,565 115,858 119,040 119,570 120,570
77,700 European Union 81,700 74,800 77,100 75,600 75,300
10,063 Other Europe 9,049 8,488 8,868 9,135 8,910
22,290 Former Soviet Union - 12 24,963 19,990 20,300 20,015 19,920
26,830 Middle East 30,102 25,762 31,130 28,655 28,255
25,980 North Africa 23,910 20,987 24,270 24,900 24,900
82,310 Sub-Saharan Africa 83,547 83,992 85,513 81,964 81,764
319,169 East Asia 324,650 332,095 340,895 347,545 347,545
47,720 South Asia 49,747 55,143 56,021 57,240 57,440
50,956 Southeast Asia 49,859 47,910 50,270 50,965 51,265
8,295 Central America 8,720 8,764 9,220 9,274 9,224
3,488 Others 3,408 3,110 3,183 3,385 3,385
1,151,281 Total 1,177,869 1,163,754 1,210,326 1,212,554 1,213,884
Ending Stocks none
36,606 North America 40,896 40,773 51,035 56,904 56,541
10,698 South America 11,521 13,597 8,279 6,364 6,348
7,828 European Union 11,508 8,029 7,481 6,883 6,881
1,547 Other Europe 1,324 743 1,063 752 661
2,210 Former Soviet Union - 12 9,661 4,381 3,244 1,950 1,772
3,233 Middle East 3,043 3,036 2,889 2,888 2,888
1,897 North Africa 2,012 2,162 2,123 1,993 1,994
11,067 Sub-Saharan Africa 11,603 10,893 9,067 7,421 7,766
209,833 East Asia 213,206 209,780 215,158 216,648 215,148
4,285 South Asia 4,324 5,330 4,756 3,829 3,829
5,539 Southeast Asia 3,596 3,137 3,545 3,419 3,418
701 Central America 802 758 785 881 872
264 Others 242 205 202 240 230
295,708 Total 313,738 302,824 309,627 310,172 308,348
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 31 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Barley Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
Sep
none
TY Exports
6,7006,0007,5007,0848,2338,007 Australia
6,5006,6006,6006,6146,3558,559 European Union
4,0004,0005,8005,4003,1005,691 Russia
3,2003,2003,1002,9083,7652,458 Argentina
2,4002,4003,2002,5592,7105,053 Ukraine
2,0002,3002,3502,8991,9733,520 Canada
1,5001,5001,3001,2535631,028 Kazakhstan
8508508001,0617851,280 United Kingdom
150100150121215122 Turkey
125125325127317185 Uruguay
3343293423164031,118 Others
27,75927,40431,46730,34228,41937,021 Subtotal
100751505768349 United States
27,85927,47931,61730,39928,48737,370 World Total
none
TY Imports
10,50010,20015,0008,5828,28212,049 China
2,2002,2001,5003,1004,7006,100 Saudi Arabia
1,8001,8001,5001,3001,7003,700 Iran
1,4001,4001,8002,1571,2371,150 European Union
1,2001,2001,2501,2271,1841,132 Japan
1,0001,0007001,2611,166484 Jordan
8508501,300734760456 Morocco
7507507007668451,008 Tunisia
7007006007505351,043 Libya
600600700162688778 Algeria
500500700652734398 Brazil
500500500544363499 Mexico
500500500622553747 Vietnam
450450300394292358 Qatar
400400300410551507 Kuwait
4004001501,9672,0361,634 Turkey
350350330353333336 Colombia
3003002504299182 Kazakhstan
300300350260337453 United Arab Emirates
20020010025310114 India
1,9211,8312,4052,5422,3443,653 Others
26,82126,43130,93528,46528,83236,581 Subtotal
7387484321,476-803652 Unaccounted
300300250458458137 United States
27,85927,47931,61730,39928,48737,370 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 32 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Barley Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
Sep
none
Production
51,45051,90047,85751,82952,06554,235 European Union
18,30018,30020,50021,50017,50520,629 Russia
12,20011,50010,80014,13714,33714,649 Australia
7,5008,6008,9059,9876,98410,741 Canada
7,5007,5006,9637,3856,9618,117 United Kingdom
7,1007,1008,0007,4004,5008,100 Turkey
5,4005,3006,3506,1009,9237,947 Ukraine
4,7004,7005,1004,6955,3004,035 Argentina
3,4003,4002,6143,2872,3673,659 Kazakhstan
3,1003,1003,0003,0002,7003,600 Iran
2,4852,4852,4502,1842,3502,261 Ethiopia
2,0002,0002,0002,1922,1342,036 China
1,5001,5001,9131,3711,6561,720 India
1,4001,4002002353601,850 Iraq
1,2001,2001,0251,4009501,213 Algeria
11,83011,77510,77910,41012,56213,003 Others
141,065141,760138,456147,112142,654157,795 Subtotal
3,2403,2404,0293,7872,6263,717 United States
144,305145,000142,485150,899145,280161,512 World Total
none
Total Consumption
46,50046,70043,30046,70045,45048,250 European Union
14,50014,50014,70016,70014,30014,400 Russia
13,60013,30015,60011,00011,60012,600 China
8,3508,4007,3008,7007,4009,000 Turkey
7,1007,1006,2006,0466,3807,215 United Kingdom
6,2006,6006,1996,6995,3997,747 Canada
5,9005,9005,8006,0006,0006,500 Australia
5,1005,1004,4005,3004,7006,900 Iran
3,5003,4003,5003,4004,1004,100 Ukraine
3,0253,0251,6254,3254,2257,025 Saudi Arabia
2,4502,4502,5002,2002,3752,325 Ethiopia
2,3002,3002,3501,5863,1201,165 Morocco
2,1002,1001,9002,4502,3002,550 Kazakhstan
1,8001,8001,8831,6001,7001,900 India
1,7501,7501,9001,4001,9502,250 Algeria
21,82621,69319,59420,69421,20424,130 Others
144,864144,926137,785144,995144,595158,182 Subtotal
3,5923,5933,9463,6283,5323,860 United States
148,456148,519141,731148,623148,127162,042 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
5,3005,4325,4505,7265,2875,011 European Union
1,1201,1201,1203,2202,8482,518 Australia
1,1001,0561,4551,2689641,058 United Kingdom
9469469679809911,002 Saudi Arabia
6876871,687922306512 Turkey
6476401,222709543711 Canada
6416241,139770780661 Ukraine
5,4765,4746,8285,7826,0068,353 Others
15,91715,97919,86819,37717,72519,826 Subtotal
1,4961,5831,6961,4338091,555 United States
17,41317,56221,56420,81018,53421,381 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 33 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
Regional Barley Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Aug
2024/25
Sep
2024/25
TY Imports none
937 North America 1,025 1,038 865 870 925
927 South America 1,261 1,209 1,210 1,030 1,030
1,150 European Union 1,237 2,157 1,800 1,400 1,400
191 Other Europe 198 171 361 181 186
425 Former Soviet Union - 12 371 828 663 634 664
14,426 Middle East 11,506 9,207 5,580 7,100 7,100
3,305 North Africa 2,835 2,434 3,305 2,970 2,970
19 Sub-Saharan Africa 61 109 145 60 60
13,273 East Asia 9,576 9,935 16,365 11,495 11,795
34 South Asia 109 280 111 211 211
46 Oceania 45 19 30 30 30
36,718 Total 29,290 28,923 31,185 26,731 27,121
Production none
15,363 North America 10,700 14,569 13,714 12,620 11,520
5,756 South America 7,112 6,535 6,724 6,486 6,496
54,235 European Union 52,065 51,829 47,857 51,900 51,450
9,699 Other Europe 8,531 8,961 8,489 9,051 9,051
35,702 Former Soviet Union - 12 32,811 34,178 32,685 30,600 30,700
15,919 Middle East 7,938 10,925 11,809 12,902 12,902
2,529 North Africa 4,348 2,748 2,654 2,600 2,600
3,004 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,837 2,646 3,007 3,035 3,080
2,385 East Asia 2,474 2,494 2,309 2,315 2,315
1,933 South Asia 1,802 1,547 2,079 1,656 1,656
14,987 Oceania 14,662 14,467 11,158 11,835 12,535
161,512 Total 145,280 150,899 142,485 145,000 144,305
Domestic Consumption none
12,907 North America 10,431 11,677 11,495 11,493 11,092
4,232 South America 4,270 4,592 4,378 4,294 4,354
48,250 European Union 45,450 46,700 43,300 46,700 46,500
8,765 Other Europe 7,930 7,580 7,729 8,620 8,623
24,662 Former Soviet Union - 12 23,755 26,002 23,549 23,691 23,841
28,802 Middle East 21,209 21,623 16,826 21,797 21,747
6,108 North Africa 7,146 5,112 6,058 6,190 6,190
2,982 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,913 2,793 3,119 3,060 3,080
14,283 East Asia 13,278 12,703 17,265 14,895 15,195
2,120 South Asia 1,872 1,799 2,048 1,956 1,956
6,900 Oceania 6,350 6,355 6,190 6,265 6,265
161,917 Total 145,735 148,428 142,697 149,711 149,593
Ending Stocks none
2,676 North America 1,802 2,560 3,267 2,551 2,472
955 South America 901 1,005 989 832 836
5,011 European Union 5,287 5,726 5,450 5,432 5,300
1,226 Other Europe 1,125 1,453 1,656 1,252 1,285
2,325 Former Soviet Union - 12 2,052 2,569 2,344 1,674 1,696
3,342 Middle East 2,133 2,682 3,378 2,683 2,683
862 North Africa 1,197 746 1,013 810 793
432 Sub-Saharan Africa 388 327 314 319 339
1,842 East Asia 614 340 1,749 664 664
144 South Asia 128 131 235 176 176
2,560 Oceania 2,898 3,262 1,160 1,160 1,160
21,381 Total 18,534 20,810 21,564 17,562 17,413
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 34 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Sorghum Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
Sep
none
TY Exports
2,1001,9001,7002,7532,2671,235 Australia
1,2001,2001,1008001,8001,973 Argentina
757510011011 Brazil
505030374156 India
505050505050 Nigeria
505040667259 Ukraine
35355038211 Paraguay
92878870165247 Others
3,6523,4473,1583,8154,4263,632 Subtotal
5,2004,6006,0002,9657,3876,926 United States
8,8528,0479,1586,78011,81310,558 World Total
none
TY Imports
7,2006,3007,7004,86310,9918,669 China
150150130241258299 Japan
1001006015279181 Kenya
10015075176362133 Mexico
75751002918 South Africa
707070639565 Eritrea
505050355571 South Sudan
505050505050 Somalia
50505011075125 Sudan
454550505556 Taiwan
323328375298509310 Others
8,2137,3688,7106,06712,5309,967 Subtotal
639679447713-717590 Unaccounted
001001 United States
8,8528,0479,1586,78011,81310,558 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 35 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Sorghum Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
Sep
none
Production
7,2007,2006,4006,8066,7256,590 Nigeria
5,0005,0004,9094,7872,8542,097 Brazil
5,0005,0003,0555,2483,5285,150 Sudan
4,5004,5004,2804,8924,8404,348 Mexico
4,4004,4004,4003,8144,1504,812 India
4,1004,1004,0104,1404,4505,058 Ethiopia
3,0003,0002,5001,6102,8833,319 Argentina
3,0003,0003,0003,0943,3772,970 China
2,4002,2002,2002,6382,6481,639 Australia
1,9001,9001,7002,1001,2072,132 Niger
1,9001,9001,7722,0141,6441,840 Burkina Faso
1,5001,5001,5281,5821,2481,823 Mali
1,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,200 Cameroon
1,0608508015138011,006 European Union
1,0251,0251,0001,0005951,481 Bolivia
7,2507,2507,5317,4137,5577,857 Others
54,43554,02550,28652,85149,70753,322 Subtotal
7,6717,0828,0714,77011,3759,474 United States
62,10661,10758,35757,62161,08262,796 World Total
none
Total Consumption
10,2009,30010,7007,90014,30011,400 China
7,1007,1006,4006,7506,6506,550 Nigeria
4,9504,9503,2505,2003,7005,100 Sudan
4,9004,9004,8504,7002,8002,100 Brazil
4,6004,6004,5005,1005,0004,500 Mexico
4,4004,4004,3003,9004,4504,550 India
4,1004,1004,0504,2504,6505,200 Ethiopia
1,9001,9001,8001,9501,6501,900 Burkina Faso
1,8501,8501,8002,0001,4002,050 Niger
1,6001,6001,1501,0001,1501,050 Argentina
1,5001,5001,5001,5501,4001,700 Mali
1,2151,2151,2151,2101,2151,230 Cameroon
1,0558558055429481,033 European Union
1,0251,0251,0009506501,400 Bolivia
1,0001,0001,0001,0251,0501,025 Tanzania
7,0377,0427,5747,2677,4607,606 Others
59,64458,54956,62555,38357,68059,895 Subtotal
2,1592,1592,0832,5853,1752,638 United States
61,80360,70858,70857,96860,85562,533 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
488488448439336278 Brazil
431431231181221187 Argentina
377377382387332269 China
246246151301148280 Sudan
23123129130133120 Australia
204204204176144296 Mali
17817810317853221 Niger
1,0971,1521,0631,2811,4411,913 Others
3,2523,3072,8733,2443,0063,464 Subtotal
5606066366161,201516 United States
3,8123,9133,5093,8604,2073,980 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 36 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
Regional Sorghum Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Aug
2024/25
Sep
2024/25
TY Imports none
134 North America 362 176 76 150 100
37 South America 31 40 75 33 33
13 European Union 167 38 15 20 15
23 Other Europe 19 13 16 20 20
40 Middle East 85 30 40 26 26
0 North Africa 1 2 3 1 1
656 Sub-Saharan Africa 518 584 573 593 593
9,030 East Asia 11,307 5,157 7,883 6,499 7,399
28 Southeast Asia 32 21 25 25 25
7 Others 8 6 5 1 1
9,968 Total 12,530 6,067 8,711 7,368 8,213
Production none
13,822 North America 16,215 9,662 12,351 11,582 12,171
249 Central America 215 213 195 195 195
76 Caribbean 71 66 61 61 61
7,141 South America 6,551 7,563 8,631 9,265 9,265
1,006 European Union 801 513 801 850 1,060
616 Middle East 664 469 468 498 498
762 North Africa 803 755 784 794 794
29,429 Sub-Saharan Africa 25,276 28,588 25,209 27,983 27,983
2,972 East Asia 3,379 3,098 3,002 3,002 3,002
4,908 South Asia 4,214 3,949 4,535 4,535 4,535
50 Southeast Asia 50 50 50 50 50
1,639 Oceania 2,648 2,638 2,200 2,200 2,400
126 Others 195 57 70 92 92
62,796 Total 61,082 57,621 58,357 61,107 62,106
Domestic Consumption none
7,138 North America 8,175 7,685 6,583 6,759 6,759
252 Central America 217 213 195 195 195
78 Caribbean 74 68 66 62 62
4,822 South America 4,799 6,787 7,192 7,735 7,735
1,033 European Union 948 542 805 855 1,055
656 Middle East 742 501 513 524 524
764 North Africa 789 766 785 785 785
29,572 Sub-Saharan Africa 26,419 28,802 25,990 28,251 28,246
11,774 East Asia 14,620 8,198 10,885 9,501 10,401
4,651 South Asia 4,518 4,040 4,435 4,535 4,535
83 Southeast Asia 77 76 69 74 74
95 Oceania 160 160 410 160 160
114 Others 110 41 49 60 60
61,032 Total 61,648 57,879 57,977 59,496 60,591
Ending Stocks none
618 North America 1,504 886 760 779 683
6 Central America 4 4 4 4 4
638 South America 677 790 854 1,092 1,092
20 European Union 18 16 19 18 19
0 Middle East 0 0 0 0 0
6 North Africa 20 10 12 22 22
1,762 Sub-Saharan Africa 991 1,295 951 1,192 1,196
295 East Asia 356 411 406 411 401
598 South Asia 258 135 205 155 155
20 Oceania 331 301 291 231 231
17 Others 48 12 7 9 9
3,980 Total 4,207 3,860 3,509 3,913 3,812
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 37 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Oats Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
Sep
none
TY Exports
1,2501,4501,5001,8911,2221,959 Canada
450450300574512391 Australia
27525027515015090 Russia
1858512090202145 European Union
12512511014716731 United Kingdom
101052171 Brazil
1010134915 Ukraine
141427336215 Others
2,3192,3942,3502,9102,3312,647 Subtotal
303030293351 United States
2,3492,4242,3802,9392,3642,698 World Total
none
TY Imports
425450430463342301 China
100125160185189171 Mexico
7510011012520933 European Union
5050607512169 Chile
505045534546 India
505040444848 Japan
454540425049 Switzerland
353540453044 Peru
303025281926 Malaysia
252525222624 Korea, South
202015212819 Canada
202055133215 Norway
202015191618 United Kingdom
15252539021 South Africa
15151521101 Uruguay
343245522659 Others
1,0091,0921,1451,2471,0821,044 Subtotal
908235922682 Unaccounted
1,2501,2501,2001,6001,2561,572 United States
2,3492,4242,3802,9392,3642,698 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 38 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Oats Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
Sep
none
Production
7,6007,4005,9317,5097,5028,473 European Union
3,2503,2503,3004,5003,7334,127 Russia
2,9003,4002,6435,2262,8994,576 Canada
1,2001,2001,0001,5871,7351,898 Australia
1,2001,2001,1681,1791,1431,096 Brazil
1,0001,0008301,0071,1231,031 United Kingdom
600600565429725510 Argentina
600600600600600600 China
475470458333578525 Chile
400400430380478515 Ukraine
340340325365276315 Turkey
320320350375350445 Belarus
300300300291269316 Norway
190190150229182240 Kazakhstan
1051051051054069 Algeria
411371362386436355 Others
20,89121,14618,51724,50122,06925,091 Subtotal
981981828837578954 United States
21,87222,12719,34525,33822,64726,045 World Total
none
Total Consumption
7,4007,3506,2357,4157,4758,250 European Union
3,0003,0003,0504,3003,6504,050 Russia
1,7501,9501,9562,5651,9202,340 Canada
1,1751,1751,1501,1751,1251,075 Brazil
1,0251,0501,0301,050925900 China
8808807958701,007969 United Kingdom
7507507501,1001,2001,200 Australia
600600555450710525 Argentina
520520505420570615 Chile
390390415405465475 Ukraine
350350325370280315 Turkey
325325350375350440 Belarus
325325355300295340 Norway
180180160205205235 Kazakhstan
180200220295265235 Mexico
722695681718652683 Others
19,61619,77618,50622,00621,20522,884 Subtotal
2,1932,1932,0562,2192,0152,362 United States
21,80921,96920,56224,22523,22025,246 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
3833964631,275333657 Canada
380361290605424469 European Union
299199299349395416 Australia
138138138138125108 China
124149149173122188 Russia
11010395809688 Brazil
908575140157147 United Kingdom
323314327315341415 Others
1,8471,7451,8363,0751,9932,488 Subtotal
579579527505474552 United States
2,4262,3242,3633,5802,4673,040 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 39 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
Regional Oats Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Aug
2024/25
Sep
2024/25
TY Imports none
1,762 North America 1,473 1,806 1,375 1,395 1,370
241 South America 53 166 127 110 110
33 European Union 209 125 110 100 75
89 Other Europe 104 80 117 88 90
7 Former Soviet Union - 12 7 11 9 4 4
0 Middle East 7 5 7 5 5
18 North Africa 5 5 10 10 10
21 Sub-Saharan Africa 0 39 25 25 15
373 East Asia 416 529 495 525 500
46 South Asia 45 53 45 50 50
26 Southeast Asia 19 28 25 30 30
0 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
2,616 Total 2,338 2,847 2,345 2,342 2,259
Production none
5,593 North America 3,570 6,176 3,526 4,461 3,961
2,192 South America 2,507 2,008 2,237 2,326 2,331
8,473 European Union 7,502 7,509 5,931 7,400 7,600
1,484 Other Europe 1,525 1,432 1,264 1,435 1,435
5,334 Former Soviet Union - 12 4,801 5,490 4,283 4,198 4,198
315 Middle East 276 365 325 340 340
75 North Africa 46 109 111 111 111
57 Sub-Saharan Africa 59 28 41 30 70
601 East Asia 601 601 601 601 601
0 South Asia 0 0 0 0 0
0 Southeast Asia 0 0 0 0 0
1,921 Oceania 1,760 1,620 1,026 1,225 1,225
26,045 Total 22,647 25,338 19,345 22,127 21,872
Domestic Consumption none
4,937 North America 4,200 5,079 4,232 4,343 4,123
2,353 South America 2,513 2,204 2,312 2,410 2,410
8,250 European Union 7,475 7,415 6,235 7,350 7,400
1,506 Other Europe 1,491 1,356 1,329 1,384 1,386
5,211 Former Soviet Union - 12 4,732 5,294 4,032 3,935 3,935
315 Middle East 280 370 325 350 350
101 North Africa 59 114 118 121 121
69 Sub-Saharan Africa 70 69 65 60 85
972 East Asia 1,000 1,117 1,095 1,125 1,100
46 South Asia 45 53 44 50 50
26 Southeast Asia 19 28 25 30 30
1,223 Oceania 1,225 1,133 776 775 775
25,009 Total 23,109 24,232 20,588 21,933 21,765
Ending Stocks none
1,222 North America 823 1,794 1,002 994 974
242 South America 205 171 203 198 218
469 European Union 424 605 290 361 380
198 Other Europe 206 197 134 143 148
341 Former Soviet Union - 12 253 293 257 260 233
6 Middle East 9 8 13 8 8
0 North Africa 0 0 0 0 0
34 Sub-Saharan Africa 23 21 22 17 22
109 East Asia 126 139 140 141 141
0 South Asia 0 0 0 0 0
0 Southeast Asia 0 0 0 0 0
419 Oceania 398 352 302 202 302
3,040 Total 2,467 3,580 2,363 2,324 2,426
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 40 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Rye Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
Sep
none
TY Exports
180180180222157148 Canada
17517522513821095 European Union
252518565125101 Russia
101021412458 Ukraine
5555522 Belarus
66830223 Others
401401605474643427 Subtotal
556534 United States
406406611479646431 World Total
none
TY Imports
5050200131219131 European Union
10108111322 Japan
55100518 Israel
55810111 Kazakhstan
5572310 Norway
5554114 United Kingdom
444444 Korea, South
7711104710 Others
9191253172303210 Subtotal
404033321231 Unaccounted
275275325275331190 United States
406406611479646431 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 41 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Rye Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
Sep
none
Production
7,2007,6007,6337,5457,9968,968 European Union
1,3501,3501,7002,0001,7162,376 Russia
7607607807508001,051 Belarus
358345358520372488 Canada
320320320273200296 Turkey
200200240315600459 Ukraine
185185218179225135 Argentina
186186192248202200 Others
10,55910,94611,44111,83012,11113,973 Subtotal
337337264316249294 United States
10,89611,28311,70512,14612,36014,267 World Total
none
Total Consumption
7,3007,6757,7607,5657,9508,750 European Union
1,3501,3501,6001,8501,7002,200 Russia
7757757507407901,050 Belarus
320320334283228296 Turkey
277277277277365402 Ukraine
185185218179225135 Argentina
175175177305231289 Canada
555556634543 Norway
323232323232 Australia
24243552836 United Kingdom
105105113135141150 Others
10,65011,04011,38911,45611,73713,404 Subtotal
609609627607522529 United States
11,25911,64912,01612,06312,25913,933 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
430429660836888743 European Union
8862941058491 Canada
69699417993201 Russia
585714518416490 Ukraine
484865373431 Belarus
111111 Japan
111444 Kazakhstan
000142414 Others
6956671,0601,3601,2921,175 Subtotal
222220311632 United States
7176891,0801,3911,3081,207 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 42 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
Regional Rye Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Aug
2024/25
Sep
2024/25
TY Imports none
191 North America 332 277 329 276 276
0 South America 0 0 0 0 0
131 European Union 219 131 200 50 50
17 Other Europe 20 10 16 13 13
17 Former Soviet Union - 12 5 14 11 8 8
18 Middle East 41 0 10 5 5
0 Sub-Saharan Africa 0 0 0 0 0
26 East Asia 17 15 12 14 14
0 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
400 Total 634 447 578 366 366
Production none
782 North America 621 836 622 682 695
152 South America 244 194 226 197 197
8,968 European Union 7,996 7,545 7,633 7,600 7,200
118 Other Europe 108 138 131 116 116
3,916 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,156 3,125 2,738 2,333 2,333
296 Middle East 200 273 320 320 320
3 Sub-Saharan Africa 3 3 3 3 3
0 East Asia 0 0 0 0 0
32 Oceania 32 32 32 32 32
14,267 Total 12,360 12,146 11,705 11,283 10,896
Domestic Consumption none
818 North America 753 912 804 784 784
152 South America 244 194 226 197 197
8,750 European Union 7,950 7,565 7,760 7,675 7,300
130 Other Europe 125 120 147 127 127
3,687 Former Soviet Union - 12 2,900 2,917 2,651 2,425 2,425
314 Middle East 233 283 344 325 325
3 Sub-Saharan Africa 3 3 3 3 3
26 East Asia 17 15 12 14 14
32 Oceania 32 32 32 32 32
13,912 Total 12,257 12,041 11,979 11,582 11,207
Ending Stocks none
123 North America 100 136 114 84 110
0 South America 0 0 0 0 0
743 European Union 888 836 660 429 430
0 Other Europe 0 0 0 0 0
326 Former Soviet Union - 12 295 404 305 175 176
14 Middle East 24 14 0 0 0
0 Sub-Saharan Africa 0 0 0 0 0
1 East Asia 1 1 1 1 1
0 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
1,207 Total 1,308 1,391 1,080 689 717
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 43 September 2024
Global Market Analysis
