! ! !
SkillsQuest Skiing
Assessment
!
Version!2.19.14! ! 2!
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………….3
PHASE 2 EXERCISES ………………………………………………...7
PHASE 3 EXERCISES ………………………………………………..11
PHASE 4 EXERCISES ………………………………………………..15
PHASE 5 EXERCISES ………………………………………………..19
PHASE 6 EXERCISES ………………………………………………..23
SCORING TABLE ……………………………………………………..28
CREDITS
The SkillsQuest program is produced by the High Performance Department of the U.S. Ski and
Snowboard Association.
SkillsQuest Working Group: Jon Nolting, Ron Kipp, Lester Keller, Patrick Riml, Walt Evans, Troy
Flanagan, Kirk Dwyer, Deb Armstrong and Todd Brickson.
Other contributors and reviewers included: Sasha Rearick, Alex Hoedlmoser, Randy Pelkey, Seth
McCadam, Brewster McVicker, Darlene Nolting, Gwynn Watkins, Karin Harjo, Michael Rogan, Ellen
Foster, Stacey Gerrish, Sue Schwartz, Dave Lyon and Anna Hosmer.
!
Version!2.19.14! ! 3!
INTRODUCTION
The objective of the SkillsQuest skiing skills assessment is to promote skills as a basis of technique
by providing a resource where fundamental skills can be taught, measured and tracked over time with
a rewards system that motivates young athletes to improve their skills. It is built on a progressive
battery of drills covering each of the fundamental skills in skiing that are appropriate developmentally
based on age and experience in sport. By working toward mastery in their phase of SkillsQuest
(based on their developmental phase as outlined in the Alpine Training System), skiers will acquire
the necessary skills to gain speed on the race course for the long-term.
The drills are organized by developmental phase, with a drill emphasizing each of the four primary
skiing skill areas - pressure, edging, rotary and balance - as part of the assessment for the particular
phase. This structure makes it easy for coach and athlete to identify relative strengths and
weaknesses in the key skiing skills areas. Additionally, the drills across each row are all related,
getting progressively more challenging as the developmental phase of the athlete increases. This
allows athletes to continually work toward achievement while experiencing successes along the way.
SKILLSQUEST ASSESSMENT TABLE
!
Version!2.19.14! ! 4!
DEVELOPMENTAL PHASES
The exercises to be used for evaluation should be chosen based on the skier's developmental phase
from the Alpine Training System as outlined on the next page. (There are no SkillsQuest assessment
exercises for phase 1.)
Phase 2 | Ages 6-10 | 1-4 years skiing
Designed for U10 and younger ski racers to evaluate a starting point in each skill area.
Phase 3 | Girls ages 10-13, boys ages 11-14 | 4-8 years skiing
Designed generally for U12/U14 based on years in skiing and biological age. Phase 3 is for pre-
pubertal skiers (before the growth spurt).
Phase 4 | Girls ages 11-14, boys ages 12-15 | 5-9 years skiing
Designed generally for U14/U16 based on years in skiing and biological age. Phase 4 is for skiers
who are in their growth spurt.
Phase 5 | Girls ages 12-16, boys ages 14-17 | 6-11 years skiing
Designed generally for U16/18 based on years in skiing and biological age. Phase 5 is for skiers who
are post-puberty (after their growth spurt).
Phase 6 | Girls ages 16 and older, boys ages 17 and older | 10 or more years skiing
Designed generally for U18/U21 and older based on years in skiing and biological age. Phase 6 is for
skiers who are fully mature and have at least ten years of racing experience.
USING THE ASSESSMENT
First, the coach should determine the
developmental phase of the athlete(s). Use the
drills for their phase, and work toward mastery in
those drills. Using the test scoring protocol,
evaluate where the athletes strengths and
weaknesses are. Then use a variety of exercises
and progressions to work on the skill areas where
the skiers are deficient. While the drills in each
column represent a complete set of skills for
evaluation, practicing only these drills will not
lead to the overall skill development that is desired. There is a difference between testing and training.
Using this assessment should inspire focused training designed to improve skiing skills.
!
Version!2.19.14! ! 5!
DESCRIPTION OF EXERCISES FOR PARTICIPANTS
Before the assessment, the athletes should be given a chance to view the videos of the test found on
the SkillsQuest webpages and on Center of Excellence TV. At the start, the tester should read the
description and the criteria for perfect execution. For phases 2 and 3, the kid-friendly instructions
should be read instead. After the explanation, a quality demonstration will also be helpful.
TERRAIN SELECTION
Proper terrain selection is an essential factor for consistency of scoring and the athlete's ability and
expectation to perform the exercise to a level of mastery. While many of the exercises may be carried
out on different terrain than is prescribed within a drill progression, for the assessment, the terrain
must meet the slope specifications on the exercise descriptions.
While it is difficult to use terms that are consistent throughout the U.S., the following are explanations
of the slope and terrain terms used in the assessment protocol.
BEGINNER – green trails, very gradual pitch
EASY INTERMEDIATE – steeper sections on green trails or flatter sections on blue trails, some pitch
but speed can be easily controlled
INTERMEDIATE – blue trails with greater pitch allowing for more speed
EXPERT – black trails, equivalent to the steep portions of most race hills, groomed, ungroomed, or
with moguls as noted
SCORING
SkillsQuest is scored on a 10 point scale.
Each exercise has a specific set of
scoring markers that identify the
important performance aspects and
relative deductions for any faults. The
scorer should focus on whether the skier
performs the skill and task to a high level
relative to their developmental phase. For
example, a Phase 3 athlete will be
scored according to what the best 10-13
year old girl of 11-14 year old boy that
has been skiing 4-8 years would be perceived to achieve. The tests are designed such that the most
skilled skiers in each phase should be capable of earning a perfect score of 10. Using the scoring
!
Version!2.19.14! ! 6!
scale on the last page, evaluating both task and skill execution, along with the scoring points listed for
each exercise will help the coach arrive at the skier's score.
Based on their score, skiers may earn gold, silver or bronze designations. These allow the skiers at all
levels to set goals for personal achievement.
Bronze: Scores between 4.00 and 5.99
Silver: Scores between 6.00 and 7.99
Gold: Scores between 8.00 and 10
ATHLETE EQUIPMENT
The athlete may choose what skis to use for the assessments. Helmets must be worn while
participating in the SkillsQuest Skiing Assessment.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Visit the SkillsQuest webpage at www.ussa.org (search "SkillsQuest"), or email [email protected].
PHASE!2!
Ages 6-10
1-4 years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 7!
KID-FRIENDLY START INSTRUCTIONS:
• Ski straight down the hill
• Jump over the poles without your skis
touching the poles
• Keep your skis and knees the same
distance apart even when you jump
and land
• Jump and land with both feet at the
same time
• Jump from your legs, keeping the rest
of your body quiet
!
Pole jumpers
Objective: To clear a series of poles placed on the ground at 90 degrees to the skier's direction of
travel.
Primary Skill: Pressure
Justification: Pressure along the fore/aft axis of the ski as a primary area of reference is important
to the emerging ski racer. Clearing a series of poles while maintaining a straight path down the hill is
only possible if the skier has fore/aft pressure control skills.
Slope: Beginner groomed terrain that is even from side to side, without sidehill or fall-away.
Set-up: Eight poles are laid flat on the ground at 90 degrees across the fall-line at eight meter
spacing. The poles can be secured or unsecured to the snow surface. The start is 12 meters above
the first pole and the finish is 12 meters below the last pole.
Description:
• Ski in a straight run down the fall-line
• Skier jumps once to clear each pole in the snow
Criteria for perfect execution:
• Skier maintains a straight path down the fall-line
• Equal distance is maintained between both skis
and knees
• Jump off both feet simultaneously
• Land on both feet simultaneously
• Skis do not touch poles
• Economy of movement from the jumping skier
Scoring:
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 2 points for not maintaining straight run down the fall-line
• 1 point every time skis touch a pole
• 1 point for every jump or landing not on both feet simultaneously
• 1 point for a widening or narrowing of stance
• 1 point for not maintaining flat skis on the snow
• 1 point every time skier uses their upper body to assist in jumping
• 1 point for extra leg flexion or pump between each jump
PHASE!2!
Ages 6-10
1-4 years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 8!
KID-FRIENDLY START INSTRUCTIONS:
• Ski eight round, carved GS turns with
all of your weight on your outside ski
• Lift the inside ski off the snow for the
whole turn
• Between turns, step onto the uphill ski
and lift the downhill as you traverse
before you start into the turn
• Your poles are only used for pole
plants, do not drag them or use them
for balance
• Your speed is the same for all of the
turns
!
Outside ski turns
Objective: To ski solely on the outside ski prior to, during and after the ski turn during medium
radius highly carved turns connected with a traverse on one ski.
Primary Skill: Edging
Justification: The ability to ski on the outside ski is essential to optimally maintain balance against
extreme external forces created by tight turn radii and high speeds. Without an inside ski to assist with
lateral balance and regulate pressure the ski racer is limited to their options with regards to what they
can do with the ski.
Slope: Easy intermediate groomed terrain.
Description:
• Skier makes eight carved GS radius turns with weight entirely on the outside ski
• The inside ski is kept entirely off the snow during the turn
• Skier concludes turn by remaining on the old outside ski for two ski lengths
• Skier will make an identifiable weight transfer
• Skier will initiate the new turn after a traverse of two ski lengths on the uphill (new outside) ski
• Pole may only be used to swing and touch the snow, not for balance support against the snow
Criteria for perfect execution:
• Inside ski carried off the snow 100% of the time
• A deliberate weight transfer can be identified
when the skier transfers pressure to the new
outside ski
• Prior to the turn, the new outside ski is skied for
two ski lengths to indicate balance is solely on
the new outside ski
• After turn completion the outside ski is skied for
two ski lengths to indicate balance is still 100%
outside ski dominant
• Turns are mainly carved
• Speed is consistent throughout entire maneuver
• Turn shape is relatively round
• Ski poles are kept off the snow except if used for a pole plant
Scoring:
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 1 point for every 10% of the drill cycle the inside ski is not carried off the snow. For example, if
the inside ski is on the snow for 30% of the drill cycle then deduct 3 points
• 1 point for every 10% of the drill cycle that the pole may be assisting balance. For example, if
the pole dragged for 30% of the drill cycle then deduct 3 points
• 1 point for every turn that does not end or start with a deliberate and observable weight
transfer
• 1 point for less than a two ski length traverse on the uphill ski
• 1 point for every turn that is not of a high degree of carving
• 1 point for every non-round turn shape
PHASE!2!
Ages 6-10
1-4 years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 9!
KID-FRIENDLY START INSTRUCTIONS:
• Ski straight down the hill to get up to speed
• Then quickly pivot your skis to turn them
across the hill, turning both feet sideways at
the same time
•
Continue slipping sideways straight down the
hill
• Stop by setting your edges and planting your
downhill pole
• Hold still for 3 seconds
• Keep your skis hip-width apart the whole
time
• Then do the same drill turning your skis in
the other direction
Straight run to sideslip with edge set
Objective: To go straight down the fall-line then rotate both skis simultaneously until skis are
perpendicular to fall-line to sideslip and finish with an edge set and pole plant.
Primary Skill: Rotary
Justification: Rotation of the ski is used in many ways. When combined with the skill of edging in
one drill it makes this very ski-specific. It is similar to the rotary and edging demands involved with a
steered turn entry to a carved completion.
Slope: Easy intermediate groomed terrain with
a consistent fall-line.
Set-up: Using Whiskers placed every three
meters lay out a .75 meter corridor 15 meters
long in the fall-line. A finish, 1.75 meters in width
is placed eight meters after the last set of
Whiskers such that it centered with the previous
corridor.
Description:
• Skier starts at the first Whiskers in a
straight run down the fall-line
• Skis remain hip width
• After 15 meters in a straight run, both
skis are pivoted across the fall-line
• Skier will maintain a sideslip for 6 meters in a corridor
• The skier stops with an edge set timed with the pole plant and holds stopped position for 3
seconds
• The test is performed with a stop in each direction
Criteria for perfect execution:
• Direction of travel does not deviate from fall-line
• Hip width stance in all phases of the drill
• Skis are pivoted simultaneously
• Skier remains in a ski width corridor
• Pole touch coincides with edge set
Scoring:
Total score is the average of the left and right scores.
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 5 points for stepping or sequential movement to pivot
• 1 point for every ski length outside the desired sideslip corridor throughout the task
• 1 point for not coinciding pole touch with edge set
• 1 point for not maintaining edge set and quiet posture for 3 seconds at conclusion
PHASE!2!
Ages 6-10
1-4 years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 10!
PHASE!2!
Ages 6-10
1-4 years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 11!
START INSTRUCTIONS FOR ATHLETE:
• Ski eight carved, round GS turns with a
pole plant between turns
• Try to ski fast but with good balance
!
Freeski with pole usage
Objective: To ski GS radius turns with pole usage.
Primary Skill: Balance
Justification: To combine the skills of rotary, edging, and pressure.
Slope: Easy intermediate groomed terrain.
Description:
• The skier skis eight GS radius turns
• The skier times their pole swing with the
edge release while their center-of-mass
moves into the new turn
Criteria for perfect execution:
• Balance is maintained in all three planes
• Linked round turns such that speed is maintained throughout
• The skis show a high degree of carving
• A pole swing coincides with edge release and center-of-mass movement into new turn
Scoring:
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 2 points for every instance of balance that requires a drastic correction
• 1 point for every turn that is not round
• ½ point for every turn where speed is not maintained
• ½ point for every turn that does not have a high degree of carving
• ½ point for every missed pole swing
PHASE!3!
Girls Ages 10-13, Boys Ages 11-14
4-8 years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 12!
KID-FRIENDLY START INSTRUCTIONS:
• Ski straight down the hill in a tuck
• Jump over the poles without your skis
touching the poles
• Keep your skis and knees the same
distance apart
• Jump and land with both feet at the
same time
• Jump from your legs, keeping the rest
of your body quiet
• Stay between a high and low tuck – if
you moved just your elbows back, they
should touch somewhere on your thigh
• Your elbows should not be wider apart
than your knees
Pole jumpers in tuck
Objective: To jump while maintaining a tuck and clear a series of poles placed at 90 degrees to the
skier's direction of travel.
Primary Skill: Pressure
Justification: Adjusting pressure under the foot and along the fore/aft axis of the ski is a critical
component of balance. Clearing a series of poles while maintaining a straight path down the hill is
accomplished with a take-off, flight and landing each having specific pressure control solutions. The
ability to maintain a tuck while having an independent lower body capable of performing proficient
jumps demonstrates independence and is used for aerodynamics.
Slope: Beginner groomed terrain that is even from side to side, without sidehill or fall-away.
Set-up: Eight poles are laid at 90 degrees across the fall-line at 8 meter spacing. The poles can be
secured or unsecured to the snow surface. The start is 12 meters above the first pole and the finish is
12 meters below the last pole.
Description:
• Ski in a straight run down the fall-line in a tuck
position
• Skier jumps once to clear each pole in the snow
• Tuck position is between a high and low tuck
Criteria for perfect execution:
• Skier maintains a straight path down the fall-line
• Skier maintains a tuck position such that if the
skier were to pull their elbows back without
moving their shoulders or hips, their elbows would
touch some part of their thighs, with elbows no
wider than the knees
• Equal distance maintained between both skis and
knees
• Jump off and land on both feet simultaneously
• Skis do not touch poles
• Economy of movement from the jumping skier
Scoring:
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 2 points for not maintaining straight run down fall-line
• 1 point every time skis touch a pole
• 1 point for a widening or narrowing of stance
• 1 point for not maintaining flat skis on the snow
• 1 point for every jump or landing not on both feet
simultaneously
• 1 point every time skier uses their upper body to assist in jumping or landing
• 1 point for extra leg flexion or pump between each jump
• 1 point for elbows wider than the knees
• 1 point for every jump that is out of the prescribed tuck range
PHASE!3!
Girls Ages 10-13, Boys Ages 11-14
4-8 years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 13!
KID-FRIENDLY START INSTRUCTIONS:
• Ski on one ski for eight medium size
turns, with the other ski off
• Do not touch your free boot on the
snow or swing your foot
• Turns are round, carved, and the
same size
• Keep your speed up through all the
turns
•
You may plant your pole to turn, but do
not drag your poles or use them for
balance
• Switch legs and repeat
!
One ski skiing
Objective: To ski solely on one ski connecting medium radius turns (15-18m turn apex to turn apex).
Primary Skill: Edging
Justification: The ability to adjust pressure fore and aft as well as regulate pressure through the
transition and turn are essential for ski racing. Having one ski eliminates the balance advantage of
being able to move from foot to foot and demands that the ski racer adjust their center-of-mass from
one ski only.
Slope: Intermediate groomed terrain.
Description:
• Skier wears one ski
• Make eight linked medium radius (15-18m) turns
• Foot without ski is held completely off the snow
and maintains a non-swinging position
• Skier will demonstrate right and left leg
Criteria for perfect execution:
• Free ski boot never touches the snow
• Free ski boot is not used for balance adjustment
• Speed is consistent throughout entire maneuver
• Turns are relatively round, carved, and of
consistent radius
• Ski poles are not used inappropriately for
balance
Scoring:
Total score is the average of the left and right scores.
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 1 point for every time the ski boot touches the snow
• 1 point for every 10% of the drill cycle that the pole may be assisting balance (e.g., if the pole
was dragged for 30% of the drill cycle then deduct 3 points)
• 1 point for every non-round turn
• 1 point for every non-carved turn
• 1 point for every turn that results in a change of radius
• 1 point for each turn that has a change in speed
• ½ point for every swing of the free ski boot
PHASE!3!
Girls Ages 10-13, Boys Ages 11-14
4-8 years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 14!
KID-FRIENDLY START INSTRUCTIONS:
• Ski straight down the hill to get up to speed
• Then quickly pivot your skis to turn them across the
hill, turning both feet sideways at the same time
• Slip sideways straight down the hill, trying not to
lose much speed
• Quickly pivot your skis to turn them across the hill in
the other direction followed by another sideslip
• You'll do four sideslips in all, two to each side
• Try not to lose much speed and stay in a straight
line down the hill the whole time
• Keep your skis hip-width apart the whole time
• After the fourth sideslip, stop by setting your edges
and planting your downhill pole
• Hold still for 3 seconds
!
Pivot slips
Objective: To go straight down the fall-line and be able to rotate both skis
simultaneously in each direction until skis are perpendicular to the fall-line with
sideslips between pivots while not losing excessive speed.
Primary Skill: Rotary
Justification: Upper body and lower body separation demonstrated by
rotation of the skis while maintaining a quiet upper body in space is essential
for efficient ski racing.
Slope: Intermediate groomed terrain with a consistent fall-line.
Description:
• Skier starts in a straight run down the fall-line
• Skis are maintained at hip width throughout the drill
• Skier travels 15 meters then pivots both skis across the fall-line
• Skier sideslips for six meters in a corridor down the fall-line, then pivots
both skis in the opposite direction into a sideslip down the fall-line for another
six meters
• Drill is concluded after the fourth sideslip,
with an edge set that is timed with a pole
plant and holds a stopped position for 3
seconds
Criteria for perfect execution:
• Skier stays within a ski-width corridor
without deviation from the fall-line through
entire drill
• Skis are pivoted simultaneously
• Hip width stance in all phases of the drill
• Skier loses a minimal amount of speed
during the sideslips
• Pole plant coincides with edge set at
conclusion of drill
Scoring:
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 5 points for stepping or sequential movement to pivot
• 1 point for every ski length outside the desired sideslip
corridor throughout the task
• 1 point for not coinciding pole touch with edge set at
conclusion
• 1 point for not maintaining edge set and quiet posture for 3
seconds at conclusion
PHASE!3!
Girls Ages 10-13, Boys Ages 11-14
4-8 years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 15!
KID-FRIENDLY START INSTRUCTIONS:
• Ski three short radius turns in a corridor
about as wide as a snow cat lane
• After the third turn, continue across the
hill for about two cat-widths and start
another three short turns section
• Ski six short turn sections connected by
traverses
• Stay in balance
•
The turns are carved and linked together
• All turns are of the same shape, but the
third turn is taken across the hill to a new
corridor
• Speed is maintained for all of the turns
• Use a pole swing or plant for each turn
Freeski – lane changes
Objective: To ski with an established rhythm and turn shape, then
break that rhythm and re-create the same rhythm and turn shape in a
new fall-line.
Primary Skill: Balance
Justification: To combine the skills of rotary, edging, and pressure.
Slope: Intermediate groomed terrain.
Description:
• Skier skis three turns in the fall-line of even size, rhythm and
speed in a 5 meter wide corridor, then traverses across another 5
meter corridor to a new fall-line corridor and repeats for three
turns
• The drill consists of six short turns sequences linked by five
traverses
Criteria for perfect execution:
• Balance is maintained in all three planes
• Turns are relatively round, carved, and of
consistent radius
• Changing lanes is accomplished by a radical
rhythm change where the skis continue across
the fall-line without changing the radius of the
exiting turn or the first turn in the new corridor
• Consistent speed is maintained throughout all
portions of maneuver
• A pole swing coincides with edge release and
center-of-mass movement into the new turn
Scoring:
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 2 points for every instance of balance that
requires a drastic correction
• 1 point for every turn that is not round
• 1 point for not skiing in a lane
• 1 point for every deviation in speed
• 1 point for every turn that does not have a high degree of carving
• 1 point for each traverse not across the fall-line
• 1 point for each lane change turn that does not mimic the radius of the previous turns
• 1 point for every missed pole swing
PHASE!4!
Girls Ages 11-14, Boys Ages 12-15
5-9 years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 16!
Straight run in wave track
Objective: Using flexion and extension of the lower body to manage pressure against the snow
over undulating terrain in an aerodynamic position.
Primary Skill: Pressure
Justification: Ski racers need to manage undulating terrain. On another level, the ski racer needs
to have the ability to manage ski/snow pressure, either to create speed or to maintain speed.
Slope: Beginner slope
Set-up: Six waves are constructed by a snow cat that are one meter high when measured from the
bottom of the trough to the apex of the roll. Waves are perpendicular to the fall-line and spaced at 12
meters apart from crest to crest. Width is one snow cat grooming width, or about 5 meters.
Description:
• The skier enters the wave track at GS speed
• The skier skis in a straight run maintaining a consistent high tuck position such that they can
absorb the "waves" through flexion and extension of the lower body
Criteria for perfect execution:
• The skier's upper body remains at the same relative elevation above the horizon that is
consistent with the pitch of the hill
• Lower body absorbs the rolls and maintains or increases pressure on the downside of the rolls
• Skis remain flat against the snow and run straight in the fall-line
• Skier maintains equal distance between both skis
• Skis have even pressure between left and right
• Skier adjusts fore/aft pressure to increase speed
Scoring:
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 2 points for not maintaining straight run down the fall-line
• 2 points for not working terrain and gaining speed
• 1 point every time weight is not evenly distributed between left and right ski
• 1 point for every roll the athlete is excessively forward or aft relative to the task
• 1 point for not maintaining flat skis on the snow
• 1 point for every time athlete is in the air
• 1 point for widening or narrowing of stance
• 1 point for elbows outside the knees in tuck
• 1 point for every roll the athlete is not in a tuck
PHASE!4!
Girls Ages 11-14, Boys Ages 12-15
5-9 years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 17!
One ski skiing with lane changes
Objective: To ski exclusively on one ski with an established rhythm and turn shape, then break that
rhythm and re-create the same rhythm and turn shape in a new fall-line.
Primary Skill: Edging
Justification: In linked rhythmical turns, edge angle is constantly
increased followed by an immediate decrease in edge angle. The ability to
disrupt this rhythm is key for rhythm changes found in race courses.
Slope: Intermediate groomed terrain.
Description:
• Skier wears one ski
• Skier skis three turns in the fall-line of even size, rhythm and speed
in a 5 meter wide corridor, then traverses across another 5 meter
corridor to a new fall-line corridor and repeats for three turns
• The drill consists of six short turn sequences linked by five
traverses
• Foot without ski is held completely off the snow and maintains a
non-swinging position
• Do complete drill with left and right leg separately
Criteria for perfect execution:
• Free ski boot never touches the snow
• Free ski boot is not used for balance adjustment
• Speed is consistent throughout entire maneuver
• Turns are relatively round, carved, and of consistent radius
• Ski poles are not used inappropriately for balance
Scoring:
Total score is the average of the left and right scores.
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 1 point for every time the ski boot touches the snow
• 1 point for every 10% of the drill cycle that the pole is assisting balance (e.g., if the pole was
dragged for 30% of the drill cycle then deduct 3 points)
• 1 point for every non-round turn
• 1 point for having corridors of unequal width
• 1 point for each change in speed during trial
• 1 point for every non-carved turn
• 1 point for every turn that results in a change of radius
• ½ point for every swing of the free ski boot
PHASE!4!
Girls Ages 11-14, Boys Ages 12-15
5-9 years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 18!
Sideslip to straight run to sideslip
Objective: To go straight down the fall-line and be able to rotate both skis
simultaneously in each direction until skis are perpendicular to the fall-line followed
by a sideslip, and then rotate skis back into the fall-line without an excess loss of
speed from the sideslip.
Primary Skill: Rotary
Justification: Upper body and lower body separation demonstrated by rotation
of the skis while maintaining the upper body quiet in space is essential for efficient
ski racing.
Slope: Intermediate groomed terrain with a consistent fall-line.
Description:
• Skier starts in a straight run down the fall-line
• Skis are maintained at hip width throughout the drill
• After about 10 meters skier pivots both skis across the fall-line in one
continuous motion
• Skier sideslips for 6 meters in a corridor down the fall-line
• The skis are then rotated back so they point down the fall-line for 6 meters
followed by another 6 meter sideslip the opposite direction
• Drill is concluded after the fourth sideslip, with an edge set that is timed
with a pole plant and holds a stopped position for 3 seconds
Criteria for perfect execution:
• Skier stays within a ski width corridor without deviation from the fall-line through
entire drill
• Skis are pivoted simultaneously
• Hip width stance in all phases of the drill
• Skier loses a minimal amount of speed during the sideslips
• Distinct straight run between sideslips
• Pole plant coincides with edge set at conclusion of drill
Scoring:
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 5 points for a stepping or sequential movement to pivot
• 1 point for every ski length outside the desired sideslip corridor throughout
the task
• 1 point for not coinciding pole touch with edge set at conclusion
• 1 point for not maintaining edge set and quiet posture for 3 seconds at
conclusion
PHASE!4!
Girls Ages 11-14, Boys Ages 12-15
5-9 years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 19!
Freeski – hourglass
Objective: To gradually decrease the radius of the successive turns, then gradually increase the
radius back to the original turn size.
Primary Skill: Balance
Justification: Turn size and shape need to be able to be dictated by the skier. Gradual changes in
turn size demonstrate the skier has fine motor control with regards to body mechanics. Perception
and anticipation of where to place the arc without gates suggests that the skier has control and can
initiate and conduct the intended turn.
Slope: Intermediate groomed terrain.
Set-up: Define the start and finish. Place two brushes half way down 5 meters
apart across the hill.
Description: The drill is 10 turns in duration.
• Starting with GS-sized turns, gradually decrease the turn radius until a
slalom size turn is achieved at the half-way point while skiing between
the two brushes
• After the brushes, the turns will become gradually larger until the GS-
sized turn is reached at drill conclusion
Criteria for perfect execution:
• Balance is maintained in all three planes
• Carved round turns are linked without traverse
• Turns gradually become smaller then larger without abrupt changes in
turn size or shape
• Relatively consistent speed is maintained throughout
• Hourglass is symmetric from left to right
• Hourglass is symmetric from top to bottom
Scoring:
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 2 points for every instance of balance that requires a drastic correction
• 1 point for every turn that is not round
• 1 point for every abrupt change in radius or speed
• 1 point for every turn that does not have a high degree of carving
• 1 point for asymmetric hourglass shape left-to-right or top-to-bottom
! ! ! PHASE!5!
Girls Ages 12-16, Boys Ages 14-17
6-11 years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 20!
Linked turns in wave track
Objective: Using flexion and extension of the lower body to manage pressure against the snow over
undulating terrain while making linked turns.
Primary Skill: Pressure
Justification: Ski racers need to manage undulating terrain. On another level, the ski racer needs to
have the ability to manage ski/snow pressure either to create speed or maintain speed while turning.
Slope: Beginner slope.
Set-up: Six waves are constructed by a snow cat that are one meter high when measured from the
bottom of the trough to the apex of the roll. Waves are perpendicular to the fall-line and spaced 12
meters apart from crest to crest. Width is two snow cat grooming widths or about 10 meters.
Description:
• The skier enters the wave track at GS speed, then makes carved, round linked turns
• The skier skis such that they can absorb the waves and extend into the troughs with their
lower body while turning
• Turn apex is randomly placed on each wave by the athlete with no consecutive turn being
placed in the same place (the turn apex could be on the backside, upslope, top, or trough)
Criteria for perfect execution:
• The skier's upper body remains at same relative elevation above horizon that is consistent with
the pitch of the hill
• Lower body absorbs the rolls and maintains or increases pressure on the downside of the rolls
• Skis maintain snow contact at all times
• Skier demonstrates round turns while varying turn apex placement relative to the rolls
• Skier adjusts fore/aft pressure to increase speed
Scoring:
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 2 points for not working terrain and gaining speed
• 1 point for every roll the athlete is excessively forward or aft relative to the task
• 1 point for every time athlete is in the air
• 1 point for every time two turn apexes are in the same place (e.g., backside then backside
would be deducted a point)
• 1 point for every non-round turn
• 1 point for every non-carved turn
! ! ! PHASE!5!
Girls Ages 12-16, Boys Ages 14-17
6-11 years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 21!
One ski skiing without poles
Objective: To ski solely on one ski connecting medium radius turns (15-18m turn apex to turn apex)
on each leg without ski poles.
Primary Skill: Edging
Justification: Eliminating the poles from the one ski drill further challenges balance as the skier will
need to adjust their center-of-mass solely with the ankle when performed correctly.
Slope: Intermediate groomed terrain.
Description:
• Skier wears one ski and performs without poles
• Skier will demonstrate right and left leg in eight linked medium radius (15-18m) turns
• Foot without ski is held completely off the snow and maintains a non-swinging position
Criteria for perfect execution:
• Free ski boot never touches the snow
• Free ski boot is not used for balance adjustment
• Speed is consistent throughout entire maneuver
• Turns are relatively round, carved, and of consistent radius
Scoring:
Total score is the average of the left and right scores.
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 1 point for every time the ski boot touches the snow
• 1 point for every non-round turn
• 1 point for every non-carved turn
• 1 point for each abrupt change in speed
• ½ point for every swing of the free ski boot
! ! ! PHASE!5!
Girls Ages 12-16, Boys Ages 14-17
6-11 years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 22!
Hop turns
Objective: To demonstrate the ability to rotate the lower body and maneuver
the skis accurately while maintaining an upper body that appears quiet in space.
Primary Skill: Rotary
Justification: Rotation of the legs within the pelvis without involving the upper
body in the same direction is imperative for rotary skills.
Slope: Intermediate groomed terrain.
Description:
• Skier starts from a traverse stance
• Skis jumps with both skis pivoting them in alternating directions for 15
jumps
• Skis are pivoted around the middle of the ski with simultaneous leg
rotation
• Skier jumps in the opposite direction immediately upon landing
• Track left in snow resembles a series of "Z"s, with the tip of the previous
track almost coinciding with the tail of the next track
• Exercise concludes with an edge set of both skis across the fall-line and
hold stopped position for 3 seconds
Criteria for perfect execution:
• Skis are always parallel to snow surface in the air (no tips or tail up)
• Equal distance is maintained between skis
• Skis land on edge and take off immediately from same position
• Skis take off, rotate, and land simultaneously
• Consistent rhythm and speed with no pausing or stopping during hops
• Last hop concludes with an edge set that coincides with a point plant and skier holds
motionless for 3 seconds
Scoring:
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 1 point every time there is a break in rhythm
• 1 point for not maintaining "Z" pattern
• 1 point for every time ski tips or tails are unduly elevated relative to the rest of the ski
• 1 point for each time not establishing an edge at landing
• 1 point for each sequential leg take off
• 1 point for each sequential leg landing
• ½ point for not stopping after last hop
• ½ point for not remaining motionless for 3 seconds
! ! ! PHASE!5!
Girls Ages 12-16, Boys Ages 14-17
6-11 years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 23!
Freeski – varied terrain and snow conditions
Objective: To demonstrate that the skis can be maneuvered and used as a tool in varied terrain.
Primary Skill: Balance
Justification: Varied terrain challenges balance in all directions. Changing snow conditions
challenge the ability to perform accurately and react efficiently.
Slope: Expert terrain that has variable slope angle and side hills on non-groomed snow.
Description:
• Skier skis 10 turns while maintaining a consistent 20 to 22 meter turn size and shape
regardless of the terrain and conditions
• Link turns with minimal traversing, maintaining speed with turn shape
• Any air time is controlled with skis paralleling the angle of the slope
Criteria for perfect execution:
• Turns are round with consistent turn size
• Minimal traversing
• Skis are parallel and equidistant
• Any air time is controlled and landed with the skis paralleling the angle of the landing slope
• Skier skis with a high rate of speed
Scoring:
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 4 points for slow speed
• 2 points for every instance of balance that requires a drastic correction
• 2 points for every landing in which the skis do not parallel the angle of the slope
• 1 point for every turn that is not round
• 1 point for every turn that is not of consistent size
• ½ point for every turn where speed is not maintained
• ½ point for every instance skis are not parallel
• ½ point for every instance skis deviate from initial equidistant posture
PHASE!6!
Girls Ages 16+, Boys Ages 17+
10+ years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 24!
Camel jump in wave track
Objective: To use the upslope of one wave to jump and clear the following wave at the end of a
wave track.
Primary Skill: Pressure
Justification: When rolls in a race course become more of demand than can be absorbed (or to
create a faster line) it is advantageous to skip the trough between the two (or more) rolls.
Slope: Beginner slope.
Set-up: Waves are constructed one meter high when measured from the bottom of the trough to the
apex of the roll. Waves are perpendicular to the fall-line and spaced 12 meters apart. It is
recommended to fill in the trough of the final wave. Width is one to two snow cat grooming widths or
about 5-10 meters.
Description:
• The skier enters the wave track at GS speed
• Skier maintains straight run while maintaining ski/snow contact and a tuck position through the
waves leading up to the camel feature
• Skier uses the upslope of the camel feature along with any extra push-off that is needed based
on their speed to jump and clear the gap, landing on the backside of the next wave
Criteria for perfect execution:
• The skier's upper body remains at the same relative elevation above the horizon that is
consistent with the pitch of the hill in a high tuck while the lower body absorbs the rolls and
maintains or increases pressure on the downside of the rolls leading up to the camel feature
• Skis remain flat against the snow and run straight in fall-line with even pressure between left
and right leading up to camel feature
• Jump takeoff is from both feet evenly
• Skis roll forward in the air to match the landing slope of the final roll
• Landing occurs on the backside of the final roll
• Landing with both feet simultaneously, skis contact snow all at once (not tip or tail first)
• Skier adjusts fore/aft pressure to increase speed
PHASE!6!
Girls Ages 16+, Boys Ages 17+
10+ years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 25!
Scoring: Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 3 points for not landing on down slope of final wave
• 3 points for landing on ski tails or tips
• 2 points for excess hand motion in the air (rolling down the windows)
• 2 points for not jumping from or landing on both feet simultaneously
• 2 points for not working terrain and gaining speed in the waves preceding the camel feature
• 1 point for not maintaining straight run down fall-line with consistent stance width
• 1 point for not maintaining flat skis on the snow or getting air prior to camel
• 1 point for every roll the athlete is not in a tuck prior to camel
• 1 point for elbows outside the knees in tuck
PHASE!6!
Girls Ages 16+, Boys Ages 17+
10+ years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 26!
One ski skiing hourglass
Objective: To ski exclusively on one ski while gradually decreasing the radius of successive turns,
then gradually increasing the radius back to the original turn shape on challenging terrain.
Primary skill: Edging
Slope: Groomed expert terrain.
Set-up: Define the start and finish. Place two brushes half way down 5
meters apart across the hill.
Description: The drill consists of 10 turns.
• Skier wears one ski
• Starting with GS-sized turns, gradually decrease the turn radius until a
slalom-sized turn is achieved at the half-way point while skiing between
the two brushes
• After the brushes, the turns become gradually larger until the GS-sized
turn is reached at drill conclusion
• Foot without ski is held completely off the snow and maintains a non
swinging position
• Drill is performed with left and right leg in separate trials
Criteria for perfect execution:
• Free ski boot never touches the snow
• Free ski boot is not used for balance adjustment
• Speed is consistent throughout entire maneuver
• Carved round turns
• Turns gradually become smaller to the midway point then larger to the
finish
• No abrupt changes in turn size or shape
• Hourglass is symmetric from left to right and top to bottom
• Ski poles are not used inappropriately for balance
Scoring:
Total score is the average of the left and right scores.
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 1 point for every time the ski boot touches the snow
• 1 point for every 10% of the drill cycle that the pole is assisting balance (e.g., if the pole was
dragged for 30% of the drill cycle then deduct 3 points)
• 1 point for every non-round turn
• 1 point for each abrupt change in speed
• 1 point for each abrupt change in turn radius
• 1 point for asymmetric hourglass shape side-to-side or top-to-bottom
• ½ point for every swing of the free ski boot
PHASE!6!
Girls Ages 16+, Boys Ages 17+
10+ years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 27!
Vertical brush quickness course
Objective: To ski through a series of tightly spaced brushes quickly.
Primary Skill: Rotary
Justification: Quick movements with precision are essential for slalom skiing.
Slope: Easy intermediate groomed terrain.
Set-up: 12 brushes are offset ½ meter and at a 3 meter
vertical distance in the fall-line. Timing is used, with the start
wand set eight meters directly above the first brush and the
finish line set three meters below the 12
th
(last) brush.
Establishing "criterion time": Before the exercise, athlete
sets a criterion time by pushing once without skating from the
start and skiing straight down the hill in a standing position
through the finish timing.
Description:
• Skier starts 8 meters above first brush
• Skier starts with their choice of start strategy
• Skier alternates left and right around successive
brushes
• Skier attempts to complete the course as quickly as
possible
• Finish is 3 meters below last gate in line with the start
Criteria for perfect execution:
• Completion of course at a speed comparable to a
straight run alongside the course
• Ski tips and boots must go around each brush
Scoring:
Starting with a score of 10 subtract:
• 1 point for every brush missed
• 1 point for every 10% above the athlete's criterion time
PHASE!6!
Girls Ages 16+, Boys Ages 17+
10+ years in sport
Version!2.19.14! ! 28!
Freeski moguls in "V" shaped corridor
Objective: Ski in moguls starting with large 20-24m turns and gradually decrease the radius of each
successive turn over a series of 10 turns concluding with turns that fit an individual mogul.
Primary Skill: Balance (perception, anticipation)
Justification: Turn size and shape need to be able to be dictated by the skier. Gradual changes in
turn size demonstrate the skier has fine motor control with regards to body mechanics. Perception
and anticipation of where to place and describe the turn without gates suggests that the skier has
control and can initiate and conduct the intended turn.
Slope: Expert terrain with moguls.
Set-up: A start and finish are defined only.
Description: The drill is 10 turns in duration.
• Starting with a long radius turn (20-24m) the turns gradually decrease in radius
• Final turn radius matches a mogul-sized turn
Criteria for perfect execution:
• Balance is maintained in all three planes
• Turns are linked without traverse
• Turns gradually become smaller
• No abrupt changes in turn size or shape
• Turns are symmetric from left to right
• Turns are consistent and round while carrying a high rate of speed
Scoring:
Starting with a perfect score of 10, subtract up to:
• 4 points for slow speed
• 2 points for every instance of balance that requires a drastic correction
• 1 point for every turn that is not round
• 1 point for every abrupt change in radius or speed
• 1 point for each asymmetric shape left-to-right
• ½ point for every turn where speed is not maintained
!
!
!
! !
!
! ! ! ! !
Version!2.19.14! ! 29!
SCORING TABLE
SCORE
SKILL
TASK
10
Perfect
Flawless execution
Nothing to change
9
Outstanding
Smallest of change
needed
Smallest of alteration
desired
8
Excellent
Couple of small
changes needed
One turn or dimension
may need slight
refinement
7
Very Good
Skills are refined
Several turns or
dimensions may need
slight tuning
6
Good
Skill level is above
average
Task is performed
above average
5
Average
Skill level is average
for this level
Average performance of
task
4
Fair
Adequate skills
No problem identifying
the task although needs
refinement
3
Mediocre
Substandard skills
Slight problem identifying
the task although needs
improvement
2
Poor
Vague demonstration of
skills
Task performance is vague
1
Very Poor
Grossly deficient skills
Task performance is
difficult to distinguish
0
Inability
Nothing resembling the
skills
Task is unrecognizable
