Topic: Verbs - Past Participle Course: English B

STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOME (SLO): Paragraphs should use basic rules of grammar,

spelling, and punctuation so that the writer’s ideas are clearly communicated.

DLA OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE: Student will use past participles correctly.

TIME NEEDED TO COMPLETE: 35-50 minutes (You’ll need to complete the independent activity

IN THE WRITING CENTER, so be sure you’ve allotted enough time to do so.)

INSTRUCTIONS (5 minutes): Get DLA handout, look over directions, go to a work station

(computer, desk) to complete the independent activity, and then sign up with a tutor to review

the activity.

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY (20-30 minutes):

A. Review the attached handout “Past Participles.”

B. Check your knowledge of past participles by completing one or more of the following exercises:

http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/pperf2.htm

http://www.english-4u.de/iv_quiz5.htm

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/irregular-verbs-exercise-3.html

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/irregular-verbs-exercise-4.html

C. Look over the list of “IRREGULAR VERB FORMS.” Use a piece of paper to cover the column

on the far right that gives the past participle. Look at the base form and the past tense and

try to guess the correct past participle. Then move the piece of paper down to uncover the

correct answer. Circle any of the past participle verb forms on the list that you don’t know.

Memorize them.

TIP: When doing this activity, try putting the subject “I” before the present and past tense,

and the words “I have” before the past participle to help you come up with the correct

form.

Example: (I go) go=present, (I went) went=past, (I have gone) gone=past participle.

D. Practice using what you’ve learned by completing Practice Exercise: Irregular Past Participles.

REVIEW WITH TUTOR: (10-15 minutes)

1. Go over your answers to the Practice Exercise: Irregular Past Participles with the tutor.

2. With assistance from the tutor, identify and review any of the past participles that might still be

giving you problems.

Directed Learning Activity

Topic: Verbs - Past Participle

Course: English B

Student Name __________________________________________________________

Date _________________ Tutor Signature ___________________________________

IMPORTANT NOTE: You must complete all of the items in the Independent Activity portion of this DLA

before meeting with a tutor for the Review. If your instructor wants evidence of this completed DLA,

return this form to him or her with the tutor’s signature included.

PAST PARTICIPLES

MAIN VERB FORMS

Present: I ask a classmate for directions to the Writing Center.

Past: Yesterday I asked my instructor about the assignment.

Past Participle: I had asked my study partner to meet me in the library, but he didn’t show up.

Present Participle: I was asking where to get a parking permit when I witnessed an accident.

PRESENT

PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

(used with have, has, had)

PRESENT PARTICIPLE

(used with am, is, was, were)

walk

walked

walking

decide

decided

deciding

run

ran

run

running

go

went

gone

going

Regular Verbs form the past and past participle by adding –d or –ed to the present form.

Two of the verbs in the table above are regular verbs. Write their forms below.

__________________ _________________ _________________ ___________________

Irregular Verbs do NOT form the past and past participle by adding –d or –ed to the present form.

Two of the verbs in the table above are irregular verbs. Write their forms below.

__________________ _________________ _________________ ___________________

PARTICIPLES DON’T WORK ALONE

PARTICIPLES are only a “part” of the verb. They cannot be verbs by themselves. They have to follow a

helping verb like has or have.

helping verb past participle

Mario has worked as a cashier at Target for two years.

THREE USES OF THE PAST PARTICIPLE

1) To form verb tenses (with have, had, has)

PAST PERFECT TENSE (had + past participle) to show an action happened in the past before

another past action.

Example: I had applied to UCLA but then decided to enroll at ECC instead.

(applied first and later decided )

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (has, have + past participle) to show an action that started in the past

and continues to today or an action that’s just happened.

Example: I have attended ECC for two semesters.

Example: The plane has landed.

2) To make a verb passive (with a form of be: is, am, was, were)

In a sentence with a passive verb, the subject receives the action instead of doing it.

ACTIVE: The dog bit the boy. (dog acts by biting)

PASSIVE: The boy was bitten by the dog. (boy receives the bite, he doesn’t bite anyone)

3) Alone or with a linking verb (LV), to act as an adjective that describes something or someone.

Common linking verbs include is, are, was, were, seems, seemed, feels, felt, appears, appeared.

Instead of showing action like most verbs, they just link the subject with a word that describes it.

TROUBLESOME IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLE

The irregular past participle is the verb form that gives people the most trouble--even people with

college degrees. Since irregular past participles don’t follow any rules, you just have to figure out which

ones give you trouble and memorize them as you would if you were learning a foreign language.

TIP

participle used alone

participle used with linking verb

Write the verb forms you need to memorize on 3” x 5” cards to create flashcards. Review

these cards whenever you have a few free minutes.

IRREGULAR VERB FORMS

Base Form

Past Tense

Past Participle

be

beat

become

begin

bend

bet

bite

bleed

blow

break

bring

build

burn

burst

buy

catch

choose

come

cost

creep

cut

deal

dig

dive

do

draw

dream

drink

drive

eat

fall

feed

feel

fight

find

flee

fling

fly

forbid

forget

forgive

freeze

get

was, were

beat

became

began

bent

bet

bit

bled

blew

broke

brought

built

burned

burst

bought

caught

chose

came

cost

crept

cut

dealt

dug

dived or dove

did

drew

dreamed or dreamt

drank

drove

ate

fell

fed

felt

fought

found

fled

flung

flew

forbade or forbad

forgot

forgave

froze

got

been

beaten or beat

become

begun

bent

bet

bitten

bled

blown

broken

brought

built

burned

burst

bought

caught

chosen

come

cost

crept

cut

dealt

dug

dived

done

drawn

dreamed or dreamt

drunk

driven

eaten

fallen

fed

felt

fought

found

fled

flung

flown,

forbidden or forbade

forgotten

forgiven

frozen

gotten or got

Base Form

Past Tense

Past Participle

give

go

grind

grow

hang

have

hear

hide

hit

hold

hurt

keep

kneel

know

lay (put)

lead

leap

leave

lend

let

lie (down)

light

lose

make

mean

meet

pay

prove

put

quit

read

ride

ring

rise

run

saw (cut)

say

see

seek

sell

send

set

sew

shake

shave

shine

shoot

gave

went

ground

grew

hung or hanged

had

heard

hid

hit

held

hurt

kept

knelt or kneeled

knew

laid

led

leapt or leaped

left

lent

let

lay

lit or lighted

lost

made

meant

met

paid

proved

put

quit

read

rode

rang

rose

ran

sawed

said

saw

sought

sold

sent

set

sewed

shook

shaved

shone or shined

shot

given

gone

ground

grown

hung or hanged

had

heard

hidden

hit

held

hurt

kept

knelt or kneeled

known

laid

led

leapt or leaped

left

lent

let

lain

lit or lighted

lost

made

meant

met

paid

proved or proven

put

quit

read

ridden

rung

risen

run

sawed or sawn

said

seen

sought

sold

sent

set

sewn or sewed

shaken

shaved or shaven

shone or shined

shot

Base Form

Past Tense

Past Participle

show

shrink

shut

sing

sink

sit

sleep

slide

sneak

speak

speed

spend

spill

spin

spit

split

spread

spring

stand

steal

stick

sting

stink

strike

swear

sweep

swim

swing

take

teach

tear

tell

think

throw

undergo

understand

upset

wake

wear

weave

weep

win

wind

write

showed

shrank or shrunk

shut

sang

sank

sat

slept

slid

sneaked or snuck

spoke

sped

spent

spilled or spilt

spun

spat or spit

split

spread

sprang

stood

stole

stuck

stung

stank or stunk

struck

swore

swept

swam

swung

took

taught

tore

told

thought

threw

underwent

understood

upset

woke or waked

wore

wove

wept

won

wound

wrote

shown or showed

shrunk or shrunken

shut

sung

sunk

sat

slept

slid

sneaked or snuck

spoken

sped

spent

spilled or spilt

spun

spat or spit

split

spread

sprung

stood

stolen

stuck

stung

stunk

struck or stricken

sworn

swept

swum

swung

taken

taught

torn

told

thought

thrown

undergone

understood

upset

woken or waked

worn

woven

wept

won

wound

written

Practice Exercise: Irregular Past Participles

Part I

Circle the correct past participle form given in parentheses.

Example: Dr. Nguyen has (knowed, known) me all my life.

1. Sheila had (brang, brought) her daughter to work a couple of times.

2. The restaurant has always (payed, paid) its employees on Fridays.

3. I felt terrible because I had (forgot, forgotten) all about the surprise party for Robert.

4. Professor James was sure he had (lain, laid) the exams on his desk.

5. Lisa has (went, gone) home already.

6. Lawrence had (drank, drunk) all of his Pepsi before his lunch arrived.

7. The prize-winning essay was (wrote, written) by my brother.

8. The (unshave, unshaven) man had wandered away from an assisted living facility.

Part II

In the blank, write the past participle of the base verb given in parentheses.

Example: The repairs on my car had cost (cost) me $600.

9. Shauna has ________________ (ride, ridden) the bus to school all semester.

10. Although the witness had ________ _________ (swear) to tell the truth, he lied.

11. We realized at the airport that we had________ ________ (leave) our apartment door unlocked!

12. Janet has ________ ________ (do) all of her homework for Monday.

13. The tall building was _________________ (shake) by the earthquake.

14. He had ________________________ (mean) to mail the letter on his way to work.

15. Jonas had ______________________ (bet) $200 on the losing team.