Sentence Structure Script (Conflicted copy from Parvanak's Computer (2) on 2019-07-10)

Title&of&Module:&Sentence&Structure!

& & & & & &

Collaborator’s&Name:&Aleksandra&Kasztalska&

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1.&Phrases&and&Phrase&Structure&

-(+),"$'(!.'/.%'0(

-(123#(%4(3(52/34'6(

-(7)"&(52/34'4(3&,(8,9':#%.'(52/34'4(

-(!#2'/(;<='4()*(52/34'4(

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2.&Simple&Sentences&and&Common&Troublespots&

-(>&,'='&,'&#(?$3"4'(34(3(@%A=$'(@'&#'&:'(

-(;<=%:3$(@'&#'&:'(1)/,(!/,'/(

-(@"B9':#-C'/B(8D/''A'&#(

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3.&Clause&Types&and&Fragments&

-(>&,'='&,'&#(3&,(E'='&,'&#(?$3"4'4(

-(E'='&,'&#(?$3"4'4(34(F/3DA'&#4(

-(G'$3#%.'(?$3"4'4(34(F/3DA'&#4(

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Video&1:&Phrases&and&Phrase&Structure&

Module!Overview!

>*(34H',(#)('I=$3%&(#2'(A'3&%&D()*(3(J4'&#'&:'KL(2)0(0)"$,(<)"(/'4=)&,6(+)4#(0/%#'/4(3/'(3B$'(

#)(D%.'(3(,'*%&%#%)&()*(3(4'&#'&:'K(B"#(#23#(,'*%&%#%)&(%4()*#'&(%&3::"/3#'()/(%&:)A=$'#'M(>&(#2%4(

A),"$'K(0'(0%$$(,%4:"44(023#(A3H'4(3(4'&#'&:'(3&,().'/.%'0(#2'(B"%$,%&D(B$):H4()*(

4'&#'&:'4N=2/34'4(3&,(:$3"4'4M(1'(0%$$(3$4)('I3A%&'(2)0(:$3"4'4(3&,(=2/34'4(:3&(B'("4',(#)(

*)/A(4'&#'&:'4K(34(0'$$(34(2)0(#2'<(:3&(B'(A%4"4',K($'3,%&D(#)('//)/4(4":2(34(*/3DA'&#4M(8B).'(

3$$K(#2%4(A),"$'(%4(,'4%D&',(#)(2'$=(<)"(3.)%,(:'/#3%&(:)AA)&(=/)B$'A4(%&(3:3,'A%:(0/%#%&D(4)(

<)"(:3&(B':)A'(3(A)/'('**':#%.'(0/%#'/M(

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What!is!a!Phrase?!

8(=2/34'(%4(3(D/)"=()*(0)/,4(#23#(*)/A(3(D/3AA3#%:3$("&%#M(F)/('I3A=$'K($'#O4(:)&4%,'/(#2'(0)/,(

J/'4'3/:2KL(02%:2(:3&(B'("4',(34(3(&)"&()/(3(.'/BM(12'&("4',(34(3(&)"&K(0'(:3&(3,,(0)/,4(

B'*)/'(3&,(3*#'/(%#P(*)/('I3A=$'K(J#2'($3#'4#(/'4'3/:2KL()/('.'&(J#2'($3#'4#(/'4'3/:2()&(4'.'/'$<(

"&,'/*"&,',(="B$%:(,3<:3/'4ML(>&('3:2()*(#2'4'('I3A=$'4K(#2'(:'&#/3$(0)/,(%4(#2'(&)"&(

J/'4'3/:2ML(1'(:3$$(%#(#2'(2'3,()*(#2'(=2/34'M(!&(#2'()#2'/(23&,K(0)/,4(#23#(,'4:/%B'(#2'(2'3,K(

$%H'(#2'(3/#%:$'(J#2'L()/(#2'(3,9':#%.'(J$3#'4#KL(3/'(:3$$',(A),%*%'/4M(Q&$%H'(#2'(A3&,3#)/<(2'3,K(

A),%*%'/4(:3&(B'()=#%)&3$$<(3,,',(*)/(A)/'(%&*)/A3#%)&M(

Noun!Phrases!and!Adjective!Phrases!

>*(0'($))H(A)/'(:$)4'$<(3#(#2'(&)"&(=2/34'(J#2'($3#'4#(/'4'3/:2()&(4'.'/'$<("&,'/*"&,',(*/''(

,3<:3/'4KL(0'(:3&(*%&,()#2'/(=2/34'4(0%#2%&(%#K(4":2(34(#2'(=/'=)4%#%)&3$(=2/34'(J)&(4'.'/'$<(

"&,'/*"&,',(="B$%:(,3<:3/'4ML(>&(3,,%#%)&K(#2'(&)"&(=2/34'(:)&#3%&4('AB',,',(3,9':#%.'(

=2/34'4P(J$3#'4#KL(J4'.'/'$<("&,'/*"&,',KL(3&,(J="B$%:ML(!&'(:)AA)&(#/)"B$'(4=)#(*)/(0/%#'/4(

%4(#2'(=$3:%&D()*(3,9':#%.'4(%&(#2'(:)//':#()/,'/M(;2%4(%4(B':3"4'K(02'&(A"$#%=$'(3,9':#%.'4(3/'(

"4',(%&(R&D$%42K(#2'<(D'&'/3$$<(*)$$)0(3(=/',%:#3B$'()/,'/M(84(3(/'4"$#K(0'(:3&(#3$H(3B)"#(J#2/''(

B'3"#%*"$K(B/)0&(2)"4'4L()/(JA<($)&DK(B$"'K(4%$H('.'&%&D(D)0&KL(B"#(&)#(3B)"#(J#2/''(B/)0&K(

B'3"#%*"$(2)"4'4L()/(JA<($)&DK(4%$HK(B$"'('.'&%&D(D)0&ML(F/)A(#2'4'('I3A=$'4K(0'(4''(#23#(

)=%&%)&(3,9':#%.'4($%H'(JB'3"#%*"$L(:)A'(B'*)/'(3D'(3,9':#%.'4($%H'(J)$,ML(1'(3$4)(#'&,(#)(

,'4:/%B'(423='K(:)$)/K(3&,(A3#'/%3$()*(3&()B9':#(%&(#23#()/,'/M((

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Other!Types!of!Phrases!

(

7)0K($'#O4('I#'&,()"/(=2/34'(%&#)(3(4'&#'&:'K(4":2(34(J8==3/'&#$<K(#2'(=/'4'&#'/4(0%$$(.'/<(

D$3,$<(,%4:"44(#2'%/($3#'4#(/'4'3/:2()&(4'.'/'$<("&,'/*"&,',(="B$%:(,3<:3/'4(3#(#2'(=3&'$(

#)A)//)0ML(;2%4(4'&#'&:'(:)&#3%&4(3&)#2'/(#<='()*(=2/34'K(#2'(.'/B(=2/34'(J0%$$(.'/<(D$3,$<(

,%4:"44KL(34(0'$$(34(*%.'(3,.'/B(=2/34'4M(8,.'/B4(:3&(B'(=3/#%:"$3/$<(#/%:H<(*)/(0/%#'/4(#)(%,'&#%*<K(

B':3"4'(#2'<(:3&(A),%*<(&)#()&$<(3,9':#%.'4K(34(%&(J4'.'/'$<("&,'/*"&,',KL(B"#(3$4)(.'/B4K($%H'(

JD$3,$<(,%4:"44KL(3&,('.'&()#2'/(3,.'/B4K(4":2(34(J.'/<(D$3,$<ML(F%&3$$<K(3,.'/B4(:3&(,'4:/%B'(

A3&<(,%**'/'&#(A'3&%&D4K(*/)A(A3&&'/(S$%H'(JD$3,$<LTK(#)(#2'(#%A'()/(=$3:'()*(3&('.'&#(S$%H'(

J#)A)//)0LTK(#)(#2'(4='3H'/O4()/(0/%#'/O4(3##%#",'(S$%H'(J3==3/'&#$<LTM(1'(0%$$(,%4:"44(#2'(

=$3:'A'&#()*(3,.'/B4(%&(#2'(&'I#(.%,')M(

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Video&2:&Simple&Sentences&and&Common&Troublespots&

(

Independent!Clause!as!a!Simple!Sentence!

8(:$3"4'(%4(3(D/3AA3#%:3$("&%#(#23#('I=/'44'4(4)A'(3:#%)&K('.'&#K()/(%,'3M(8(:$3"4'(:3&()*#'&(

*"&:#%)&(34(3(4'&#'&:'(%&(0/%#%&DK(B"#(%#(%4(%A=)/#3&#(#)(,%4#%&D"%42(B'#0''&(#2'4'(#0)(#'/A4M(;)(

"&,'/4#3&,(#2'A($'#O4('I3A%&'(#2'(*)$$)0%&D('I3A=$'P(J53,A3(3==$%',(*)/(3(&'0(=344=)/#K(3&,(

%#(0%$$(B'(A3%$',(#)(2'/(%&(#0)(A)&#24ML(7)#%:'(#23#(#2%4("##'/3&:'(:)&#3%&4(#0)(,%4#%&:#(

4#3#'A'&#4()/(%,'34P(#2'(*3:#(#23#(53,A3(3==$%',(*)/(3(&'0(=344=)/#(3&,(#23#(#2'(=344=)/#(0%$$(

3//%.'(%&(#0)(A)&#24M(R3:2()*(#2'4'(4#3#'A'&#4(%4(3(4'=3/3#'(:$3"4'K(0%#2(%#4()0&(4"B9':#(3&,(

.'/BK(3&,(#2'(#0)(:$3"4'4(3/'(9)%&',(0%#2(#2'(:)&9"&:#%)&(J3&,L(#)(*)/A(3(:)A=$'I(4'&#'&:'M(

@)K(0'(:3&(43<(#23#(3(:$3"4'(%4(3(D/3AA3#%:3$("&%#(#23#('I=/'44'4(3(,%4#%&:#(%,'3()/('.'&#(3&,(

#23#(:)&#3%&4()&'(4"B9':#(3&,()&'(A3%&(.'/BM(!&(#2'()#2'/(23&,K(3(4'&#'&:'(%4(3(4'#()*(0)/,4(

#23#(:)&#3%&4(3#($'34#()&'(:$3"4'K(0%#2(3#($'34#()&'(4"B9':#(3&,()&'(A3%&(.'/BM(8(4'&#'&:'(0%#2(

)&$<()&'(:$3"4'(%4(:3$$',(3(4%A=$'(4'&#'&:'K(02%$'(3(4'&#'&:'(0%#2(A"$#%=$'(:$3"4'4(%4(3(:)A=$'I(

4'&#'&:'M(

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Typical!Sentence!Word!Order!

>&(R&D$%42K(3(4%A=$'(3**%/A3#%.'(4'&#'&:'(#<=%:3$$<(*)$$)04(#2'(4"B9':#-.'/B-)B9':#(0)/,()/,'/K(34(

%&(J;2'(%&#'/=/'#'/(0)/H4(0%#2(&"A'/)"4(:$%'&#4ML(12%$'(%&(4)A'($3&D"3D'4(0)/,()/,'/(:3&(B'(

U"%#'(*$'I%B$'K(%#(%4(%A=)/#3&#(#)(/'A'AB'/(#23#(R&D$%42(0)/,()/,'/(%4(.'/<(/%D%,M(?)&4'U"'&#$<K(

0'(:3&&)#(43<(%&(4#3&,3/,(R&D$%42(#23#(J;2'(%&#'/=/'#'/(0%#2(A"$#%=$'(:$%'&#4(0)/H4L(S"&$'44(0'(

3/'(V),3TM(+)/').'/K(02'&(3,,%&D(3(A),%*%'/(#23#(,'4:/%B'4(#2'(#%A'()/(=$3:'()*(3&('.'&#K(0'(

A"4#(D'&'/3$$<(=$3:'(#2%4(%&*)/A3#%)&(3#(#2'(.'/<(B'D%&&%&D()/(.'/<('&,()*()"/(4'&#'&:'K(4":2(

34P(J>&(#2'(A)/&%&DK(#2'(%&#'/=/'#'/(0)/H4(0%#2(&"A'/)"4(:$%'&#4(3:/)44(W)4#)&ML(F/'U"'&:<(

3,.'/B4(23.'(4#/%:#(=$3:'A'&#(/"$'4(#))M(F)/('I3A=$'K(0'(:3&(43<(#23#(J;)A(3$03<4(4%D&4(2%4(

&3A'(%&(:"/4%.'MKL(B"#(&)#(#23#(J;)A(4%D&4(3$03<4(2%4(&3A'(%&(:"/4%.'ML(

(

Subject-Verb!Agreement!

(Script):(8(:)AA)&(#/)"B$'4=)#(*)/(0/%#'/4(%4(4"B9':#-.'/B(3D/''A'&#K()/(#2'(/'U"%/'A'&#(%&(

4#3&,3/,(R&D$%42(*)/(#2'(.'/B(3&,(#2'(4"B9':#(#)(3D/''(%&(&"AB'/(3&,(='/4)&M(;2"4K(%*(#2'(

4"B9':#()*()"/(4'&#'&:'(0'/'(#2'(=$"/3$(&)"&(J%&#'/=/'#'/4KL(#2'(.'/B(%&(#2'(=/'4'&#(#'&4'(

42)"$,(B'(J0)/HL(%&4#'3,()*(J0)/H4LP(J;2'(%&#'/=/'#'/4(0)/H(0%#2(&"A'/)"4(:$%'&#4ML(@"B9':#-

.'/B(3D/''A'&#(:3&(B'('4=':%3$$<(#/%:H<(02'&(#2'(4"B9':#(%4(.'/<($)&DK(34(%&(J;2'(2%D2$<-

/':)AA'&,',(8A'/%:3&(@%D&(X3&D"3D'(%&#'/=/'#'/K(234().'/(*)/#<(:$%'&#4(works(3:/)44(

W)4#)&ML(>&(#2%4(4'&#'&:'K(#2'(2'3,()*(#2'(4"B9':#(&)"&(=2/34'(%4(#2'(4%&D"$3/(&)"&(

J%&#'/=/'#'/KL(4)(%#(0)"$,(B'(0/)&D(#)("4'(#2'(=$"/3$(.'/B(J0)/HML(

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Subject-Verb!Agreement!

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(Script):(8&)#2'/(:)AA)&(%44"'(%&(0/%#%&D(3/%4'4(0%#2(:)A=)"&,(4"B9':#4K(02%:2(:)&#3%&(&)"&4(

#23#(3/'(9)%&',(0%#2(#2'(:)&9"&:#%)&(J3&,ML(;2'4'(4"B9':#4(3/'(D/3AA3#%:3$$<(=$"/3$K('.'&(%*(#2'(

%&,%.%,"3$(&)"&4(3/'(4%&D"$3/K(4":2(34(JW)#2(#2'(=%3&%4#(3&,(#2'(:'$$)%4#(were()"#()*(#"&'ML(

8,,%#%)&3$$<K(02'&(#2'(4"B9':#()*(3(4'&#'&:'(%4(3(.'/B(=2/34'K(#2'(A3%&(.'/B(%&(#2'(4'&#'&:'(

42)"$,(B'(4%&D"$3/K(34(%&(J?%#%&D(3#($'34#(4%I(4:2)$3/$<(4)"/:'4(is(/'U"%/',()&(#2'(*%&3$(=3='/ML((

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Subject-Verb!Agreement!

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(Script):(F%&3$$<K(4)A'(4'&#'&:'4(:3&(:)&#3%&(,"AA<(4"B9':#4K(34(%&(J>#(is(3(4#",'&#O4(

/'4=)&4%B%$%#<(#)(3.)%,(=$3D%3/%4AML(W':3"4'(J%#L(%4(3$03<4(D/3AA3#%:3$$<(4%&D"$3/K(%#(/'U"%/'4(3(

4%&D"$3/(.'/BM(Y)0'.'/K(#2'()#2'/(,"AA<(4"B9':#K(J#2'/'KL(:3&(/'U"%/'('%#2'/(3(4%&D"$3/()/(3(

=$"/3$(.'/BK(,'='&,%&D()&(#2'(&)"&(#23#(%#(%4(%&#/),":%&DK(34(%&(#2'4'('I3A=$'4P(J;2'/'(have(

B''&(3($)#()*(B/'3H-%&4(%&()"/(&'%D2B)/2)),(/':'&#$<ML(B"#(J;2'/'(is(3(=3:H3D'()&(<)"/(*/)&#(

=)/:2ML(F)/(A)/'(,'#3%$4()&(:34'4()*("&"4"3$(4"B9':#-.'/B(3D/''A'&#K(<)"(42)"$,(:)&4"$#(3&(

3"#2)/%#3#%.'(R&D$%42(D/3AA3/(B))H()/(0/%#%&D(23&,B))HM((

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Video&3:&Clause&Types&and&Fragments&

(

Independent!and!Dependent!Clauses!

(

1'(H&)0(#23#(3(4%A=$'(4'&#'&:'(:)&#3%&4()&'(4"B9':#(3&,()&'(A3%&(.'/BK(3&,(=/'4'&#4(3(

:)A=$'#'(%,'3()/('.'&#M(;2%4(#<='()*(4'&#'&:'(%4(3$4)(:3$$',(3&(%&,'='&,'&#(:$3"4'M(8&('I3A=$'(

)*(3&(%&,'='&,'&#(:$3"4'(%4P(J;2'(&'0(A).%'(3,3=#3#%)&()*(Wuthering!Heights!234(/':'%.',(

A%I',(/'.%'04(*/)A(:/%#%:4ML(>*()&'()*(<)"/(*/%'&,4(0'/'(#)(43<(#2%4(4#3#'A'&#()"#()*(#2'(B$"'K(

<)"(0)"$,(D'#(#2'(D%4#()*(023#(#2'<O/'(43<%&DM(W"#(&)0(%A3D%&'(#23#(<)"/(*/%'&,(4",,'&$<(

=/):$3%A4P(JW':3"4'(#2'(&'0(A).%'(3,3=#3#%)&()*(Wuthering!Heights!234(/':'%.',(A%I',(

/'.%'04(*/)A(:/%#%:4ML(;2%4(:$3"4'(4)"&,4(%&:)A=$'#'(3&,(%4(:3$$',(3(,'='&,'&#(:$3"4'()/(3(

4"B)/,%&3#'(:$3"4'M(!&'(:$"'(#23#(3(:$3"4'(%4(,'='&,'&#(%4(#23#(%#(4#3/#4(0%#2(3(:)&9"&:#%)&($%H'(

JB':3"4'KL(J3$#2)"D2KL()/(J02%$'ML(>&(3:3,'A%:(R&D$%42(0/%#%&DK(3(4#3&,-3$)&'(,'='&,'&#(:$3"4'(

:3&(&'.'/(*"&:#%)&(34(3(4'&#'&:'K(3&,(=$3:%&D(3(='/%),(3#(#2'('&,()*(#2%4(:$3"4'(/'4"$#4(%&(3&(

'//)/(:3$$',(3(*/3DA'&#M(F/3DA'&#4(3/'(3(:)AA)&(#/)"B$'4=)#(*)/(0/%#'/4M((

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Dependent!Clauses!as!Fragments!

8(*/3DA'&#(:3&()::"/(02'&(3(0/%#'/(=$3:'4(3(='/%),(3*#'/(3(,'='&,'&#(:$3"4'K(4":2(34(J12%$'(

0'(0'/'(03%#%&D(*)/(#2'(#'4#(/'4"$#4ML(W':3"4'(3(4%A=$'(4'&#'&:'(A"4#(:)&#3%&(3#($'34#()&'(

%&,'='&,'&#(:$3"4'K(0'(:3&(*%I(#2%4('//)/(4%A=$<(B<(3,,%&D(3&(%&,'='&,'&#(:$3"4'K(4":2(34P(

J12%$'(0'(0'/'(03%#%&D(*)/(#2'(#'4#(/'4"$#4K(#2'(,):#)/(=3#%'&#$<(3&40'/',(3$$()"/(U"'4#%)&4ML(

8&)#2'/(4)$"#%)&(%4(#)(:23&D'(#2'(,'='&,'&#(:$3"4'(%&#)(3&(%&,'='&,'&#(:$3"4'K(*)/('I3A=$'(B<(

,'$'#%&D(#2'(:)&9"&:#%)&P(J1'(0'/'(03%#%&D(*)/(#2'(#'4#(/'4"$#4ML(

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Relative!Clauses!as!Fragments!

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:$3"4'M(8(/'$3#%.'(:$3"4'(%4(3(,'='&,'&#(:$3"4'(#23#(D%.'4(A)/'(%&*)/A3#%)&(3B)"#(3(&)"&(%&(#2'(

4'&#'&:'Z(%#("4"3$$<(B'D%&4(0%#2(3(/'$3#%.'(=/)&)"&($%H'(J02)KL(J023#KL(J02'/'ML(8&('I3A=$'()*(

3(/'$3#%.'(:$3"4'(%4(J12%:2(%4()&(#2'(4':)&,(*$))/ML(W':3"4'(=$3:%&D(3(='/%),(3*#'/(3(/'$3#%.'(

:$3"4'(/'4"$#4(%&(3(*/3DA'&#K(0'(42)"$,(3$03<4(9)%&(#2'(/'$3#%.'(:$3"4'(0%#2(3&(%&,'='&,'&#(

:$3"4'M(F)/('I3A=$'P(J>OA(4"B$'34%&D(A<(3=3/#A'&#K(02%:2(%4()&(#2'(4':)&,(*$))/ML((

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List&of&References&(in&MLA&style):&(

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