Spectrum Availability Plan

Spec�um Availability

Plan

Version 1

07/06/24

Published by Fondazione Milano Cortina 2026 - The Milano Cortina 2026 Organising Committee

for the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games - June 2024

If you require an accessible version of this file, please email:

editorialservices@milanocortina2026.org

Olympic terminology (e.g. Olympic

, Olympics

and Olympic Games

) and other Olympic properties are trademarks

owned by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). All rights to the Olympic properties belong exclusively to the IOC.

For further information please see Olympic Properties (olympics.com/ioc/olympic-properties)

All rights to the Paralympic Properties belong exclusively to the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). For further

information please see Intellectual Property Regulations, IPC Handbook (paralympic.org/ipc-handbook)

Fondazione Milano Cortina 2026 manages all Intellectual Property with respect to the Olympic and Paralympic Winter

Games Milano Cortina 2026. For further information please see

Intellectual Property Protection

(milanocortina2026.olympics.com).

Spectrum Availability Plan

Table of Contents

Disclaimer

Introduction

2.1 Background

2.2 Purpose

2.3 Status of Spectrum Usage at the Games Venues

2.4 Wireless Services

2.5 Frequency Assignment Concept

2.6 Spectrum Allocation Priorities

2.7 Authorisation Exemptions

2.8 Prohibited Wireless Equipment

Types of Wireless Services and Expected Spectrum Availability

3.1 Private Mobile Radio

3.1.1 Land Mobile Radio

3.1.2 Handheld Radio

3.1.3 PMR Bands Availability

3.2 Telemetry and Telecommand

3.2.1 Telemetry and Telecommand Bands Availability

3.3 Audio Intercommunication System

3.3.1 Audio Intercommunication System Bands Availability

3.4 Wireless Video Camera

3.4.1 Wireless Video Camera Bands Availability

3.4.2 Airborne Use of Wireless Video Cameras:

3.5 Wireless Microphones

3.5.1 Wireless Microphone Bands Availability

3.6 In-Ear Monitors

3.6.1 In-Ear Monitor Bands Availability

3.7 Permanent Earth Stations and Transportable Earth Stations

3.8 Microwave Mobile Links

Spectrum Availability Plan

3.9

Fixed Point-to-Point Link

3.10 Wireless LAN

3.11 Photographer’s Wireless Camera

3.12 Other Services

3.12.1 Audio Description – Mass-Cast Transmitters

3.12.2 Radio-Frequency Identification

3.12.3 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

3.12.4 Interpretation Service

Spectrum Policies and Processes

4.1 Radio-Frequency Devices Games-Venue Access.

4.2 Radio Spectrum Authorisation

4.2.1 Licensing Information

4.2.2 Stakeholders Categories

4.2.3 Application Periods and Spectrum Authorisation Deliveries

4.2.4 Normal Spectrum Booking Period

4.2.5 Late Spectrum Booking Period

4.2.6 Extraordinary Spectrum Booking Period

4.2.7 Spectrum Authorisation Periods

4.3 Test and Tag Process

4.3.1 RF Device Venue Access

4.3.2 RF Devices Test Approach

4.4 Spectrum Monitoring

4.5 Self-Coordination Approach for Photographers

Glossary

Terminology

Spectrum Availability Plan

Tables

Table 1: Available VHF Bands for PMR 13

Table 2: Available UHF Bands for PMR 14

Table 3: Available Bands for Telemetry 15

Table 4: Available Bands for Audio Intercommunication 17

Table 5: Available Bands for Wireless Video Cameras 18

Table 6: Available Bands for Wireless Microphones 20

Table 7: Available Bands for In-Ear Monitors 22

Table 8: Available Bands for Satellite Earth Stations 23

Table 9: Available Bands for Microwave Mobile Links 24

Table 10: Available Bands for Microwave Fixed Links 24

Table 11: WLAN Available Bands 26

Table 12: Application Periods 29

Table 13: Spectrum Authorisation Periods 30

Spectrum Availability Plan

1 Disclaimer

This document has been prepared by the Milano Cortina 2026 Spectrum Management Team

and it does not constitute a commitment by Ministero delle Imprese e del Made in Italy

(MIMIT).

It is intended to serve as a resource for stakeholders in spectrum planning, including the

allocation of frequencies and radio equipment. It is important to note, however, that the

detailed inventory of available bands and their corresponding capacities for the duration of

the Games is provisional and may be subject to adjustments. These adjustments are due to

the dynamic nature of the radio-frequency service landscape and the emergence of new

technologies and requirements.

Please note that the frequency availability reported in this document does not guarantee the

successful assignment of each frequency-request application, as sharing between services

will progressively reduce the available capacity. Therefore, frequency assignments will be

allocated on a first-come, first-served basis.

In the National Plan for Frequency Allocation (P.N.R.F.), some services are granted secondary

status within frequency bands reserved for primary services. Consequently, the use of

frequencies for temporary links requires prior and positive coordination with the primary users,

including the Ministry of Defence. This coordination is necessary to avoid causing interference

to primary services and to minimise the risk of interference to Milano Cortina 2026 spectrum

stakeholders.

Please note that due to the nature of a major event like Milano Cortina 2026, it is in the MIMIT’s

power to make any derogations to these guidelines and assign additional frequencies that

are not covered by this document with respect to the national and international existing

regulatory framework.

Spectrum Availability Plan

2 Introduction

2.1 Background

The Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games Milano Cortina 2026 will be hosted between 6

February and 15 March 2026. This event is expected to attract approximately 2,800 athletes from

over 90 countries, around 10,000 accredited media personnel, 20,000 volunteers, and millions of

spectators. Milano Cortina 2026 presents a significant challenge for spectrum management

and will be one of the most extensive exercises in Italy since the Olympic and Paralympic Winter

Games Torino 2006.

2.2 Purpose

The Spectrum Availability Plan for Milano Cortina 2026 is targeted at all accredited stakeholders

who are entitled to request a temporary frequency license. Moreover, it outlines the overarching

guidelines and conditions for the use of wireless equipment during the Games. This document

includes information on all wireless services that can be used and their technical specifications,

such as frequency bands, bandwidth, and power levels. It aims to promote orderly spectrum

usage by informing stakeholders about the available spectrum, the related spectrum

application procedures and policies, the implementation of ‘test and tagging’, and the

enforcement of radio-spectrum monitoring.

To anticipate the spectrum needs for Milano Cortina 2026, the studies conducted by the

Fondazione Milano Cortina 2026 Spectrum Management Team are based on the data from the

past Winter Games and other major international sports events held in Italy. The frequency

bands available for Milano Cortina 2026, as presented in this guide, were selected based on the

existing spectrum allocation and assignment in Italy.

MIMIT is responsible for ensuring that there is no harmful interference between the wireless

systems of the different stakeholders involved in the Games and between these systems and

other wireless systems already in operation across the country. The available bands in the guide

are dedicated to specific usage for specific radio-frequency equipment to comply with this

target.

To ensure compliance with Italian spectrum regulations, Milano Cortina 2026 and its

stakeholders must adhere to them. Failure to comply may lead to sanctions as per article 102 of

the Italian Electronic Communication Code.

This document outlines the available bands and clarifies the conditions for spectrum

assignment, providing an initial inventory.

Spectrum Availability Plan

2.3 Status of Spectrum Usage at the Games Venues

The radio spectrum is currently congested, so it is strongly recommended that all stakeholders

involved in the Games use a wired communication system whenever possible, especially for

microphones and cameras. The radio spectrum should only be requested when there is no

other option for communication.

To facilitate frequency coordination, local spectrum stakeholders are required to apply for

frequency allocation, even if they have previously obtained spectrum authorisation.

No person shall operate any radio equipment or use radio frequencies within Games venues

without obtaining a temporary general authorisation from the MIMIT Olympic Delivery Team

(MIMIT ODT), which can be:

I. Temporary Individual Authorisation with the assignment of specific individual rights to use

frequencies. The authorised operator must comply with the terms and conditions specified in

the radio spectrum-authorisation document

, including location and technical parameters.

II. Temporary General Authorisation for the use, on unlicensed bands, of low‐power and

short‐range devices (for example, wireless microphones) complying with CEPT ERC/REC

recommendation 70‐03 (and subsequent amendments). Radio equipment operating in the

specified spectrum under the general authorisation regime, including Wireless LAN, must be

declared, and authorised by Milano Cortina 2026 to avoid potential interference. The radio-

frequency devices operating under the general authorisation regime may experience

interference from other stations unrelated to the Games operation. According to the

frequency tables, all radio equipment must comply with the applicable European harmonised

standard. Even if usage is allowed on a non-interference and non-protection basis, to

mitigate interference risks, the Milano Cortina 2026 Spectrum Management Team (SMT) and

the MIMIT ODT will coordinate and control RF devices under general authorisation whenever

possible.

2.4 Wireless Services

The following wireless services can be deployed during the Olympic and Paralympic Winter

Games and are subject to temporary authorisation:

• private mobile radio (land mobile radio, handheld radio with base station, walkie talkie);

• telemetry & telecommand;

• audio intercommunication system (talkback with narrow band signal, full duplex digital

system);

• wireless microphones;

• in-ear monitors;

• wireless video camera;

This refers to the official document delivered after approval and frequency assignment. It is a digital document that can

be printed.

Spectrum Availability Plan

• microwave fixed point-to-point link;

• microwave mobile link;

• permanent and transportable satellite earth station;

• wireless LAN (access point);

• wireless photographer camera (trigger remote)

; and

• other services (see 3.12).

2.5 Frequency Assignment Concept

It is crucial to maintain flexibility in the assignment of frequencies during the Games to deal with

exceptional circumstances where many broadcasters require frequencies to cover the event.

However, the implementation of this spectrum plan necessitates the cooperation of various

stakeholders, including the Italian agencies responsible for homeland security, disaster

prevention and public safety.

Frequencies will be assigned to spectrum users on a venue basis, considering topography,

geography, and physical surroundings where the frequencies are used. Furthermore, frequency

sharing, defined as the use of the same radio frequency by two or more transmitters, will be

considered where practical to maximize the efficiency usage of a scarce resource like the radio

spectrum.

If an applicant requires specific frequencies to ensure the smooth operation of competitions or

to add value to the media coverage of the Games, it is important to understand that MIMIT ODT

will assess each request on an individual basis. However, it should be emphasised that such an

assessment does not guarantee the fulfilment of the request for specific frequencies. Should no

alternative options be available, MIMIT ODT will explore the possibility of assigning and

authorising frequencies in bands or for types of usage not listed in the tables below. The

feasibility of such solutions will hinge on the outcome of negotiations with other Italian agencies,

such as the Ministry of Defence (MD), or with holders of private permanent rights to use.

However, stricter conditions on transmission power, location, and time may be imposed in such

cases.

2.6 Spectrum Allocation Priorities

Ensuring the safety and security of the venue takes precedence, with spectrum allocation

playing a pivotal role. In the assignment of frequencies, the OCOG Command, Control, and

Communications (C3) systems, reliant on radio applications, will be prioritised to uphold venue

security.

Photographer’s wireless camera triggers can be deployed as long as the device operates within the frequencies

permitted in Italy. For further details, refer to section 0of this document. Please note that Milano Cortina 2026 will not

provide spectrum authorisation for the photographer camera trigger remote.

Spectrum Availability Plan

The timing and results applications, critical for delivering data on athletes' performances, will

also receive priority in frequency allocation. Specific bands will be exclusively assigned to

Omega, the official Timing and Scoring Partner for Milano Cortina 2026.

Moreover, the host broadcaster's operations in distributing international feeds to millions of TV

viewers are of utmost importance. OBS, the IOC supplier, will thus be given priority in frequency

allocation to ensure seamless global broadcasting.

2.7 Authorisation Exemptions

The exemptions for radio equipment that do not require spectrum authorisation and are exempt

from testing include the following:

• smartphones – mobile phones;

• key fob;

• Bluetooth headset, connected watches, smart bracelets;

• cordless phone;

• laptop or tablet;

• wireless keyboard or wireless mouse;

• other wearable smart devices;

• wireless photographer equipment; and

• livestream devices via cellular broadcasting products over 3G/4G/5G mobile networks

(The use of these devices doesn’t need spectrum authorisation. Using local SIM cards and

being aware of network congestion and contention is recommended. It is not permitted to

connect broadcast equipment to the Games WLAN; this service will be automatically

blocked to prevent such usage).

However, “do not consider” tags may be provided to facilitate security checks at the screening

areas.

2.8 Prohibited Wireless Equipment

Some equipment is strictly forbidden in and around the venues:

• jammers

• radio scanners

• laser pointers

• personal barcode readers

According to Italian regulation, the following bands for remote-control cameras are not

permitted. However, an inquiry with the Italian authority is underway.

• 312 MHz–317 MHz (Japan)

• 344.04 MHz–354 MHz (USA)

Spectrum Availability Plan

3 Types of Wireless Services and Expected

Spectrum Availability

This document provides regulations for radio equipment utilisation during Milano Cortina 2026,

in consideration of the existing frequency assignments. Spectrum users must plan their

spectrum needs in advance with care. Milano Cortina 2026 strongly recommends using cables

as much as possible to optimise radio resource allocation. Spectrum users must use systems

that comply with harmonised European standards to ensure efficient coordination and the

assignment of temporary authorisations.

The subsequent sections detail each wireless service that can be deployed during the Olympic

and Paralympic Winter Games, including:

• A brief overview of the service.

• The general usage conditions for the spectrum allocated to this service.

• A spectrum availability table for the service, detailing each pertinent frequency range:

o the lower and upper limits of the frequency range;

o the application type (where applicable);

o the transmission type (simplex/duplex, where applicable);

o the maximum allowed transmission power (where applicable); and

o an availability indicator for each venue cluster, offering a preliminary assessment

of the expected available bandwidth for Milano Cortina 2026.

In particular, the availability indicator should be interpreted as follows:

o “Restricted” denotes frequency ranges that may only be requested by

specific stakeholders for specific services (grey colour).

o "Not Available" indicates frequency ranges that are strongly discouraged for

application due to their availability being highly contingent on external

coordination and having an extremely low likelihood of a successful

assignment (red colour).

o “Very Low” refers to frequency ranges with very limited expected availability,

corresponding to a very low likelihood of a successful assignment (dark

orange colour).

o “Low” signifies frequency ranges with limited expected availability,

corresponding to a low likelihood of a successful assignment (orange

colour).

o "Medium" indicates frequency ranges with partial expected availability or

those that require further inquiry, corresponding to a medium likelihood of a

successful assignment (yellow colour).

o "High" refers to frequency ranges expected to be mostly available,

corresponding to a high likelihood of a successful assignment (green colour).

o “Very High” describes frequency ranges expected to be completely

available, corresponding to a very high likelihood of a successful assignment

(dark green colour).

Spectrum Availability Plan

3.1 Private Mobile Radio

Private mobile radio (PMR) is a mobile communication service that covers all activities needed

to organise successful operations. This includes broadcasters, ‘Milano Cortina 2026 Functional

Areas, Partners and accredited suppliers. It mainly uses a push-to-talk system for voice-based

communication, except for talk-back applications that require continuous transmission.

The VHF and UHF bands suitable for PMR already have a considerably high use in and around

the Milano area. Additionally, some parts of these bands are expected to be shared with the

talk-back system, and telemetry and telecommand services during the Games.

It is recommended to use digital systems to facilitate the frequency assignment and to avoid

interference. However, Milano Cortina 2026 and MIMIT ODT know that digital systems cause an

audio delay, which may not be suitable for specific safety and artistic communications. In cases

where a delay is unacceptable, an analogue system can be requested with proper justification.

3.1.1 Land Mobile Radio

Land mobile radio (LMR) encompasses mobile communication systems and associated relay

equipment, such as repeaters and base stations, used for terrestrial data or voice

communication by multiple users. This includes handheld radios connected to base stations,

mobile communication devices, and relay systems. LMR systems facilitate communication

through either duplex or simplex channels, supporting both direct mode operation (DMO) and

trunked mode operation (TMO).

3.1.2 Handheld Radio

Handheld radios can be employed in either direct mode operation (DMO), enabling

straightforward, direct communication without reliance on network infrastructure, or in trunking

mode, where a centralised control system effectively oversees and distributes frequencies

among users. These radios should avoid high-power transmission to ensure practical spectrum

usage. The power should be at most 2W. An alternate tuneable frequency will be assigned from

the radio’s frequency range if the preferred frequency is unavailable.

3.1.3 PMR Bands Availability

General Usage Conditions:

• Handheld radios using analogue technologies (PMR) and digital mobile radio (DMR) are

allowed.

• A duplex spacing of 4MHz (VHF) or 10 MHz (UHF) is required.

• Radios using 6.25 kHz and 12.5 kHz channel spacing are allowed.

• Radios using 25 kHz channel spacing may be granted based on applicant justification.

• Transmit power (EIRP) must be sized for the coverage needed.

• Base station filtering is recommended.

• PMR 446 (446.000 to 446.200MHz) is permitted on a non-interference and non-protection

basis.

• FRS/GMRS (462.5625 to 462.7250MHz and 467.5625 to 467.7125MHz) is permitted under

individual authorisation.

• The CB/PRS band 476.41875 to 477.41250 MHz is not permitted for PMR.

Spectrum Availability Plan

• The 863–870 MHz band is not permitted for PMR.

• The 915–935 MHz band is not permitted for PMR.

Table 1 provides detailed information about frequency bands allocated for private mobile radios

in the VHF bands.

Table 1: Available VHF Bands for PMR

Spectrum [MHz]

Type of Transmission

Availability Indicator

From To

Milano Valtellina

Val di

Fiemme

Cortina Verona

39 40

Duplex (emissions from mobile

stations)

Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

43.6 44.6

Duplex (emissions from base

stations or repeaters)

Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

44.6

Simplex Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

156.025 156.275

Duplex (emissions from mobile

stations)

Low Low Medium Medium Very High

156.325 156.35

Duplex (emissions from mobile

stations)

Medium Medium Very High Very High Very High

156.8875 160

Duplex (emissions from mobile

stations)

Low Low Medium Low High

160.0125

160.6

Simplex Low Low Low Low High

160.6125 160.875

Duplex (emissions from base

stations or repeaters)

Low Very High Very High Medium Very High

160.925 160.95

Duplex (emissions from base

stations or repeaters)

Very High Medium Very High Very High Very High

161.4875 164.6

Duplex (emissions from base

stations or repeaters)

Low High High High Very High

164.6125

165.3875

Simplex Medium Medium Low Low Very High

165.4 166.2125

Duplex (emissions from mobile

stations)

Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

167.225 169.3875

Duplex (emissions from mobile

stations)

High High Very High High Very High

169.4

169.9875

Simplex

High

Very High

High

Very High

170 170.8125

Duplex (emissions from base

stations or repeaters)

Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

171.825 173.9875

Duplex (emissions from base

stations or repeaters)

High Very High Very High Very High Very High

Spectrum Availability Plan

Table 2 provides detailed information about frequency bands allocated for private mobile

radios in the UHF bands.

Table 2: Available UHF Bands for PMR

Spectrum [MHz]

Type of

Transmission

Availability Indicator

Notes

From To Milano Valtellina

Val di

Fiemme

Cortina Verona

436.2125 439.9875

Duplex

(emissions from

Fixed base

stations)

Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

440

442.9875

Simplex

High

Very High

High

Very High

445

445.9875

Simplex

Medium

High

Medium

Very High

446.00625

446.2

Simplex

Restricted

NOC priority

446.2125 449.9875

Duplex

(emissions from

Fixed base

stations)

Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

450.0125 450.375

Duplex

(emissions from

mobile stations)

High High Very High Very High Very High

450.3875

450.5

Simplex

High

Very High

High

Very High

450.5125 459.9875

Duplex

(emissions from

mobile stations)

High High Very High High Very High

460.0125 460.375

Duplex

(emissions from

base stations or

repeaters)

Medium Very High Very High Very High High

460.3875

460.5

Simplex

Very High

460.5125 469.9875

Duplex

(emissions from

base stations or

repeaters)

High Very High Very High Very High Very High

462.5625

462.725

Simplex

Low

High

Very High

High

467.5625 467.7125 Simplex High Very High Very High Very High Very High

3.2 Telemetry and Telecommand

Telemetry and telecommand refer to wireless radio equipment that is designed or adapted for

remote control of various programme-making equipment such as cameras (video parameters

and mechanical head), audio/sound engineering, lighting settings, tracking systems,

pyrotechnic remotes, and timing & scoring devices. These devices usually transmit data using a

narrow bandwidth that does not exceed 25 kHz and often uses FSK modulation. Systems

requiring wide bandwidth for rapid signal transmission tend to use low transmission power.

Spectrum Availability Plan

3.2.1 Telemetry and Telecommand Bands Availability

General Usage Conditions:

• The maximum channel size allowed in the PMR band is 12.5kHz. Any channel spacing

requests beyond 12.5kHz will be studied on a case-by-case basis.

• Transmission power must be sized for the coverage needed.

• RF devices under the SRD-UWB regulations must be certified to ETSI Harmonised European

Standards.

Table 3 provides detailed information about frequency bands allocated for telemetry,

telecommand and small capacity data.

Table 3: Available Bands for Telemetry

Spectrum [MHz]

Type of

Application

Maximum

Power /

Magnetic

Field

Availability Indicator

Notes

From To Milano Valtellina

Val di

Fiemme

Cortina Verona

0.119 0.135

SRD:

INDUCTIVE

APPLICATIONS

66 dBµA/m

at 10m

Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

34.995 35.225

SRD: Model

control (air)

100 mW

e.r.p.

Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

40.66 40.7

NON-SPECIFIC

SHORT-RANGE

DEVICES

10 mW e.r.p. Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

156 160

Assigned

Frequency in

the PMR range

2 W e.r.p. Low Low High Low High

169.4 169.475

SRD:

TRACKING,

TRACING AND

DATA

ACQUISITION

500 mW

e.r.p.

Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

169.475 169.8125

NON-SPECIFIC

SHORT-RANGE

DEVICES

10 mW e.r.p. Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

433.05 434.79

NON-SPECIFIC

SHORT-RANGE

DEVICES

1 mW e.r.p. Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

450.3875 450.5

Allocated

Frequency in

the PMR

range -Video

Camera

Remote

2 W e.r.p. High High Very High High

Very High

2400 2483.5

SRD:

WIDEBAND

DATA

TRANSMISSION

SYSTEMS

25 mW

e.i.r.p.

Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

Spectrum Availability Plan

6000 9000

UWB:

TRACKING,

TRACING AND

DATA

ACQUISITION

-30 dBm /

50MHz

Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

24050 24250

SRD: NON-

SPECIFIC

SHORT-RANGE

DEVICES

100 mW

e.i.r.p.

Restricted Restricted Restricted Restricted Restricted

OMEGA

priority

33400 36000

SRD: NON-

SPECIFIC

SHORT-RANGE

DEVICES

100 mW

e.i.r.p.

Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

3.3 Audio Intercommunication System

Broadcasters primarily use a full-duplex intercommunication system to provide directions to

the director and to instantly communicate with all those involved in making a programme,

including production team members such as camera operators, reporters, interviewers,

presenter assistants, sound operators and lighting operators. This system can also be used in

continuous transmit configurations; a wireless system that is designed specifically for an

operation that requires no delay in transmission.

Two types of system can be requested:

1. a communication system called “Talkback” that uses VHF or UHF PMR bands with a

bandwidth offering a narrow-band audio quality; and

2. a new-generation digital system called “Base Station system Wireless Intercom”.

A full-duplex communication system that offers high-fidelity audio quality within a building or

local area is available. The system includes a receiver for listening and a microphone (headset)

for speaking at two or more points. It can be interfaced via an audio matrix or locally with a

standalone antenna.

3.3.1 Audio Intercommunication System Bands Availability

General Usage Conditions:

• The maximum channel size allowed for Talkback is 12,5 kHz in the PMR band requests.

• The transmit power (EIRP) must be sized for the coverage needed and not more than 2W.

• It is not recommended to use equipment with preset frequencies that cannot be

reprogrammed.

• External additional filtering is recommended, particularly for systems operating in the DECT

band. These systems will be authorised under the "non-interference and non-protection"

basis.

• Operating a Talkback system in the 470–694MHz band using 200kHz bandwidth is

prohibited.

Spectrum Availability Plan

Table 4 shows detailed information regarding possible frequency bands assigned to the audio

intercommunication systems.

Table 4: Available Bands for Audio Intercommunication

Spectrum [MHz]

Type of Transmission

Availability Indicator

Notes

From To Milano Valtellina

Val di

Fiemme

Cortina Verona

156.025 156.275

Talkback - Duplex (emissions

from mobile stations)

Low Low Medium Medium Very High

Shared with

PMR

160.6 160.875

Talkback - Duplex (emissions

from base stations or

repeaters)

Low Very High Very High Medium Very High

Shared with

PMR

450.5 459.9875

Duplex (emissions from

mobile stations)

High High Very High High Very High

Shared with

PMR

460 460.375

Duplex (emissions from base

stations or repeaters)

Medium Very High Very High Very High High

Shared with

PMR

1880 1900

Base Station System Wireless

Intercom – full duplex –

mobile belt pack and base

transmitters

Restricted Restricted Restricted Restricted Restricted

DIVA Priority

and

Ceremonies

3.4 Wireless Video Camera

The wireless video camera enables broadcasters to cover a wide area without risking injury to

athletes or the public via loose cables. The second purpose of the wireless video camera is to

transmit an aerial view of the field of play, usually from the helicopter, “spider camera,” or drone.

The primary requester for allocation of frequencies will be the host broadcaster, with priority given

to them.

Due to the expansion of mobile-network operators, the band dedicated to wireless video cameras

under 3GHz has been reduced.

3.4.1 Wireless Video Camera Bands Availability

General Usage Conditions:

• A 10MHz channel size is the standard for high-definition video, but other bandwidths can

be requested and studied on a case-by-case basis. (e.g. for 4k)

• The maximum power allowed is 100mW (EIRP). Any request to increase the power will also

be studied on a case-by-case basis.

• The 2400–2485MHz band and the 5150–5800MHz band are not permitted.

• It is recommended to perform system programming with a 1MHz channel step.

• Incorporating a filtering system into the receiver process is highly recommended and,

more specifically, mandatory for all 2GHz wireless-camera systems.

Spectrum Availability Plan

Table 5 shows detailed information regarding possible frequency bands assigned to the

wireless video cameras.

Table 5: Available Bands for Wireless Video Cameras

Spectrum [MHz]

Availability Indicator

Notes

From

Milano

Valtellina

Val di Fiemme

Cortina

Verona

2010 2025 Restricted Restricted Restricted Restricted Restricted

Coordination with local

users; OBS priority

2025 2110 Low Very High Very High Very High Very High

Coordination with local

users

2200 2290 Low Very High Very High Very High Very High

Coordination with local

users

2290 2300 Restricted Restricted Restricted Restricted Restricted

Coordination with local

users; OBS priority

2300 2400 Very High Very High Medium Medium High

Coordination with local

users

6400

7100

High

Very High

High

7100

7250

Very High

High

Not Available

Low

Very High

10000 10680 Low Medium Low Low Medium

Subject to planning and

geographic restrictions

3.4.2 Airborne Use of Wireless Video Cameras:

Milano Cortina 2026 SMT predicts that wireless aerial cameras will be used to cover events in

areas such as ceremonies and Alpine skiing that require an aerial view. This might involve using

wireless cameras on helicopters and drones. However, since wireless cameras are operated at

high altitudes, opportunities for spectrum reuse are limited and the possibility of interference

increases. The usable spectrum range is also limited in exchange for the mobility of wireless

cameras. Due to these factors, MIMIT ODT will limit the number of channels available for airborne

use.

MIMIT ODT will study the most suitable frequency range assigned for airborne-video link

transmission, requiring only a simple study of interference. Additionally, operational conditions

will be analysed to protect defence, security and public safety operations. Furthermore, MIMIT

will recommend the best location to deploy the terrestrial receivers.

Milano Cortina 2026 recommends wiring the "beauty shot cameras

" as the frequency resources

are very limited.

3.5 Wireless Microphones

Spectrum for wireless microphones is a very scarce resource, and requests will be carefully

assessed. Media users should use cabled microphones wherever possible.

The use of wireless microphones will not be permitted within Olympic and Paralympic venues

except for the following exceptions:

• ceremonies and sports presentation purposes;

• media-rights holders in studios and stand-up positions; and

• OCOG, IOC, OBS and associated stakeholders where required for the organisation and

Spectrum Availability Plan

delivery of the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.

Broadcasters or event organisers mainly use wireless microphones to capture interviews,

conference talks, music, or ambience. They can be handheld or body-worn, with integrated or

body-worn transmitters. It is also anticipated that the demand for spectrum for wireless

microphones at music concerts or festival events close to the venue areas will increase during

the Games.

The wireless microphones in Italy typically operate in the 470–694MHz band, which is shared

with DVB-T and includes some guard bands for mobile phones in the 694–870MHz band. In

order to assign frequencies correctly, it is essential to distinguish between two types of usage:

fixed deployment at a single venue (such as FoP, TV platform, studio, mix zone, or unilateral

position) and mobile usage between multiple venues (such as the ones used by ENG crews).

The necessary details will be requested through the Spectrum Booking Portal (SBP).

The frequency band dedicated to ENG crews will also be studied in collaboration with MIMIT,

taking into account the existing DVB-T2 transmitters at each venue cluster. Various options are

currently under evaluation, which include:

• reservation of frequencies for ENG crews within the guard bands of the public-radio

mobile service; and

• establishment of distinct frequencies to be utilised by the ENG crew outside the venues,

separate and distinct from any other frequencies.

Further details will be provided in a subsequent version of this document.

3.5.1 Wireless Microphone Bands Availability

General Usage Conditions:

• Wireless microphones shall be used only when wired microphones cannot be used.

• Digital wireless microphone systems that are usually more tolerant to interference should

be used.

• Robust active filtering and a dedicated frequency range antenna should be used to reject

any high-noise floor levels.

• The permitted wireless microphone power is 50mW maximum in the 470–698MHz band;

other requirements over 50mW will be studied on a case-by-case basis.

• Microphones that use analogue technology are permitted, but digital technology is

recommended.

• The maximum bandwidth allowed is 200 kHz per channel.

• Wireless microphones operating on the 2400–2483 MHz band are not permitted.

• Wireless microphones operating on the 1880–1900 MHz band are not permitted.

Spectrum Availability Plan

Table 6 shows detailed information regarding possible frequency bands assigned to wireless

microphones.

Table 6: Available Bands for Wireless Microphones

Spectrum [MHz]

Availability Indicator

Notes

From

Milano

Valtellina

Val di Fiemme

Cortina

Verona

174 175.75 Very High Very High Very High Very High Not Available

Shared With DAB – on a

tuning-range basis

175.75

177.5

Very High

Low

177.5

179.25

Very High

Low

179.25

181

Very High

Low

181

182.75

Very High

182.75

184.5

Very High

184.5

186.25

Very High

186.25

188

Very High

188

189.75

Not Available

Very High

189.75

191.5

Not Available

Very High

191.5

193.25

Not Available

Very High

193.25

195

Not Available

Very High

Not Available

Low

195

196.75

Very High

Not Available

Low

196.75

198.5

Very High

Low

198.5

200.25

Very High

Low

200.25

202

Very High

202

203.75

Not Available

Very High

203.75

205.5

Very High

205.5

207.25

Not Available

Very High

207.25

209

Not Available

Very High

209

210.75

Very High

Not Available

Very High

210.75

212.5

Very High

Not Available

Very High

212.5

214.25

Very High

Not Available

Very High

214.25

216

Very High

Not Available

Very High

216

217.75

Very High

217.75

219.5

Not Available

Very High

219.5

221.25

Very High

221.25

223

Very High

470

478

Very High

Not Available

Very High

Not Available

Very High

478

486

Not Available

Very High

Not Available

Very High

486

494

Not Available

Very High

494

502

Very High

Not Available

Low

502

510

Not Available

Low

510

518

Not Available

Low

518

526

Very High

526

534

Not Available

Very High

Not Available

Very High

534

542

Very High

Not Available

Very High

542

550

Not Available

Very High

Not Available

Very High

550

558

Very High

Not Available

Very High

Spectrum Availability Plan

558

566

Very High

Not Available

Very High

566

574

Very High

574

582

Not Available

Very High

Not Available

Very High

582

590

Very High

590

598

Not Available

Low

598

606

Very High

Not Available

Low

606

614

Not Available

Low

614

622

Very High

622

630

Not Available

Low

630

638

Very High

Not Available

Very High

638

646

Very High

Not Available

Low

646

654

Very High

Not Available

Very High

654

662

Not Available

Low

662

670

Not Available

Very High

670

678

Not Available

Low

678

686

Very High

Not Available

Low

686

694

Not Available

Low

694

698

Very High

736

738

Very High

823

826

Very High

826

832

Very High

863

865

Restricted

Shared with Telemetry

1785

1805

Very High

3.6 In-Ear Monitors

Broadcasters and staff involved with sports presentations and ceremonies mainly use wireless

in-ear monitors to get feedback on their voice, interviews, music, or sounds. It is a body-worn

device with an integrated receiver. Audio description and mass-cast services are also

considered PMSE systems and will be treated differently than IEM. Their frequencies are identified

in section 2.1.12.

3.6.1 In-Ear Monitor Bands Availability

General Usage Conditions:

• It is recommended to avoid using wireless in-ear monitors as much as possible,

particularly in outdoor areas.

• It is recommended to use digital wireless IEM systems as they are more resistant to

interference, although analogue transmitters are still allowed.

• The maximum power allowed for in-ear monitors is 50mW. In exceptional cases, the limit

can be increased to 250mW when a valid reason is given.

To facilitate frequency assignment, each channel is allowed a maximum bandwidth of 200kHz.

Spectrum Availability Plan

Table 7 shows detailed information regarding possible frequency bands assigned to in-ear

monitors.

Table 7: Available Bands for In-Ear Monitors

Spectrum [MHz]

Technical

Specifications

Availability Indicator

Notes

From To Milano Valtellina

Val di

Fiemme

Cortina Verona

169.4 169.5875

500 mW e.r.p. - ≤

50 kHz

Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

Assistive listening

device used for PMSE

application –

SRD

regulation

173.965 216

10 mW e.r.p. - ≤

50 kHz

High Very High High High High

ALD is used for PMSE

applications on a

tuning-range basis.

There is a possibility of

50mW power by

individual

authorisation, and the

band is shared with

DAB

470 694

50 mW e.r.p. - ≤

200 kHz

Medium Medium Medium Low Medium

Shared with DVB-T

and microphones -

subject to geographic

restrictions

3.7 Permanent Earth Stations and Transportable Earth Stations

This equipment conveys audio and video signals during external reporting to studios or national

and international broadcasting networks as satellite news gathering (SNG) services. Permanent

satellite services may be permanent satellite earth stations installed in a known location at

“MMC sat Farm” or transportable satellite earth stations established in the broadcast compound

inside Games venues. Transportable satellite services are an uplink between an earth station,

hub or VSAT and a satellite, used for transmitting broadcast-quality video/audio and data

signals in primarily KU/KA bands.

MIMIT ODT is in the process of identifying satellites within the C-band, Ku-band, and Ka-band

frequencies. Satellite contribution links that already provide services in southern Europe will be

considered for authorisation. In addition, the frequency band for satellite navigation systems will

be protected to avoid interference to its receivers on the ground and to the measuring

instrument used for the Games.

Satellite internet access inside venues is permitted subject to request and authorisation via the

SBP. The location of the antenna must be pre-approved by Milano Cortina 2026, and the Wi-Fi

functionality must be disabled. Milano Cortina 2026 will perform random checks to enforce this

policy.

Table 8 shows detailed information regarding possible frequency bands assigned to fixed or

transportable earth stations.

Spectrum Availability Plan

Table 8: Available Bands for Satellite Earth Stations

BANDS

Available Bands

Availability Indicator

Notes

EARTH TO SPACE [GHz]

SPACE TO EARTH

[GHz]

All - Venues

L Band

1.61 - 1.61875

2.4835 - 2.5

High

1.67 - 1.675

1.518 - 1.525

High

1.6265 - 1.6605

1.525 - 1.559

High

C Band

5.85 - 7.075

3.6 - 4.2

Medium

Ku band

12.75 - 13.25 10.7 - 11.7

Low

Coordination with local

fixed-link installation is

required

14 - 14.5 11.7 - 12.75

High

Ka band

27 - 27.5

17.3 - 17.7

High

29.2 - 30

19.7 - 20.2

High

3.8 Microwave Mobile Links

Transportable and mobile point-to-point links create temporary connections between fixed

points, such as an outdoor broadcasting site and a studio. These links transmit broadcast-

quality audio and video signals and operate within specific frequency bands. However, they are

not available for wireless cameras and mobile airborne links.

Link terminals can be mounted on tripods, temporary platforms, purpose-built vehicles, or

hydraulic hoists. Often, two-way links are required. The equipment supporting these links is

transportable, and the transmitter/receiver coordinates are not predetermined.

When a frequency assignment is delivered for transportable point-to-point links, it defines the

geographical area where transmitters and receivers can be installed. However, the frequency

authorisation process does not involve coordination between temporary links.

Table 9 shows detailed information regarding possible frequency bands assigned to microwave

mobile links.

Spectrum Availability Plan

Table 9: Available Bands for Microwave Mobile Links

Spectrum

[GHz]

Technical Specifications

Availability Indicator

Notes

From To Milano Valtellina

Val di

Fiemme

Cortina Verona

21 22

Channels: 28 MHz or

14MHz with specific

frequency carrier - Max

transmit power: 70 dBm

Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High EN 302 217

57 71

40 dBm e.i.r.p. - 23

dBm/MHz e.i.r.p. density

Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

Adequate spectrum

sharing mechanism

shall be implemented

–

fixed outdoor

installations are not

allowed - EN 302 567

3.9 Fixed Point-to-Point Link

A fixed point-to-point microwave link connects two stations at known locations using a specific

frequency channel. The channel's bandwidth and transmission power may vary depending on

the radio's mode of operation. The assigned channel is determined by choosing a frequency

range that meets the requirements of each application.

Sharp directional antennas are recommended to ensure accurate results. For P-P links, MIMIT

aims to select frequencies already used for fixed or temporary links. Therefore, the technical

coordination for this service should follow standard procedures in Italy. The frequency bands

proposed for fixed point-to-point links are shown in Table 10

Table 10: Available Bands for Microwave Fixed Links

Uplink

Bands

Downlink

Bands

Specifications

Availability Indicator

Notes

From - To

[GHz]

From - To

[GHz]

Milano Valtellina

Val di

Fiemme

Cortina Verona

5.925 -6.425 6.425-7.125

Narrow Channels 3.5

MHz / 1.75 MHz / 0.5

MHz / 0.25 MHz / 0.025

MHz - Max transmit

power: 70 dBm

Very Low Very High Very High Medium

High

Shared with

UWB LT2

6.763 –6.777 7.1055 –7.1195

Narrow Channels 3.5

MHz / 1.75 MHz / 0.5

MHz / 0.25 MHz / 0.025

MHz - Max transmit

power: 70 dBm

High High Very High High Medium

Shared with

WVC

Further bands are currently under investigation and will be communicated in the next version.

Spectrum Availability Plan

10.715-11.155 11.245- 11.685

Channels: 28MHz /

40MHz / 56MHz /

80MHz / 112MHz - Max

transmit power: 70

dBm

Not

Available

Medium Very Low

Not

Available

Very Low

Shared with

PES

17.700-

18.700

18.700-19.700

Channels: 13.75MHz /

27.5MHz / 55MHz/ 110

MHz - Max transmit

power: 70 dBm - use

of antennae class3

Very High Very High Very High Medium Very High

37.268-

38.220

38.528-39.480

Channels: 3.5MHz /

7MHz / 14MHz / 28

MHz/ 56MHz / 112MHz-

Max transmit power:

70 dBm - Use of

antennae class4 for

Bw ≥56MHz

High Very High Very High High Medium

3.10 Wireless LAN

Wireless LAN is a system that allows wireless access to the internet with high-capacity and

small-scale coverage. In all venues, only the Wireless LAN installed by Milano Cortina 2026 is

permitted.

Milano Cortina 2026 provides free access to the Games’ Wi-Fi network in all Olympic and

Paralympic venues. The SSID and password will be given on site.

Private Wi-Fi access points and MIFI personal hotspots are NOT permitted in Olympic and

Paralympic competition venues and in any case close to the Games’ WLAN.

However, in some situations, Milano Cortina 2026 may approve authorisation for additional

private wireless LAN services for stakeholders' Games operations (e.g. in the MMC), as long as

they do not interfere with the Games' WLAN devices and other authorised RF devices using the

same band. The authorisation will be given on a case-by-case basis.

• Access point's basic features should allow transmitted power control (TPC), channel

assignment, and SSID programming.

• Private Wi-Fi access points will be granted authorisation under the SRD-UWB regulations

based on non-protection and non-interference.

• Channel allocation will be managed by Milano Cortina 2026.

Spectrum Availability Plan

Table 11 summarises the frequency bands identified for the operation of Wireless LAN.

Table 11: WLAN Available Bands

From–To (MHz) Technical Specifications

Availability Indicator

All Venues

Notes

2400–2483.5

100 mW e.r.p. - ≤ 20MHz – transmitter power

control

Restricted Shared with telemetry RF devices

5470–5725

100 mW e.r.p. - ≤ 20MHz – transmitter power

control

Restricted Games Wi-Fi network exclusivity

5945–6425

200 mW e.r.p. - ≤ 20MHz – transmitter power

control

indoor use only – low-power indoor access points

exclusively (LPI)

Restricted Shared with telemetry RF devices

3.11 Photographer’s Wireless Camera

The wireless release trigger for photographers, like the Pocket Wizard, is a device that sends a

control signal to activate or deactivate the shutter release of a digital camera. This control

signal includes data for the exposure control settings, such as the aperture value and strobe

synchronisation. These settings are coordinated within the control signal that triggers the on/off

release.

• This equipment does not require Milano Cortina 2026 spectrum authorisation or ‘test and

tagging’.

• For the frequency range authorised within the 433.05 MHz–434.79 MHz band, the maximum

transmitter output permitted is 10mW. The channel must be selectable to use a free

channel on site.

• The bands 312 MHz–317 MHz (Japan) and 344.04 MHz–354 MHz (USA) are NOT permitted

in Italy. However, investigation with the Italian authorities is underway.

• The 2400 MHz–2483.5 MHz frequency range is allowed on a non-interference and non-

protection basis.

The wireless release triggers are licensed under the SRD regulations that exempt them from

interference protection. However, they cannot interfere with individual spectrum users that have

been authorised. The photographers at the Media Centre will self-coordinate the channel

assignments with the assistance of the Media Manager. Each photographer must record their

preferred channel on the list available at the Media Centre.

3.12 Other Services

All other wireless equipment that is not included in the above types must follow the application

process as a regular spectrum application and gain approval from Milano Cortina 2026 before

use.

Other services will be treated on a case-by-case basis if they constitute a critical necessity for

the Games.

Spectrum Availability Plan

Below are the recommendations for further services identified at the previous Olympic and

Paralympic Games.

3.12.1 Audio Description – Mass-Cast Transmitters

The audio-description service (ADS) is used to retransmit material already prepared for public

use. It covers events and other temporary functions inside the venue. ADS can also be used live

to facilitate the viewing of entertainment for people with hearing impairments and sight

disabilities.

Transmitters for mass cast are used for ceremonies to send audio simultaneously to a large

group.

• Milano Cortina 2026 Recommendation: It is strongly advised to avoid using the frequency

range of 87.5–108 MHz in urban areas since the "Radio FM Band" is already overcrowded.

MIMIT ODT is currently exploring the feasibility of using lower frequency bands. Requests

must be submitted as early as possible. This will allow MIMIT ODT to engage in a specific

study and negotiation with the spectrum owners, which usually takes a long time.

3.12.2 Radio-Frequency Identification

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to identify objects

automatically and track tags attached to them. An RFID system consists of a tiny radio

transponder, a radio receiver, and a transmitter.

• Milano Cortina 2026 Recommendation: The frequency of RFID applications can be found

in Telemetry Bands Availability Table 3.

3.12.3 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

An unmanned aerial vehicle, which is commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft that operates

without any human pilot, crew, or passengers on board. Broadcasters widely use these drones

to transmit live video footage from the sky, and event organisers also use them to create three-

dimensional visual displays during ceremonies.

• Milano Cortina 2026 Recommendation: it is highly recommended to request the

frequency video link referenced in the WVC Bands Availability Table 5, Section 2.4.1; an

alternative solution can be studied in the 5800–5900MHz band under a non-protection

and non-interference basis. Regarding remote flying control, it is recommended to

request a frequency in the telemetry PMR band under the

individual authorisation

regime.

3.12.4 Interpretation Service

An audio translation system that can be used in conferences, as an audio guide, or for one-way

communications.

• Milano Cortina 2026 Recommendations:

Spectrum Availability Plan

o For fixed location deployments, such as in a conference press room, it is

recommended to operate equipment using the infrared band. No spectrum

authorisation is required.

For mobile use, it is recommended to avoid the 470–694MHz band and to apply for application

using 860–862 MHz.

4 Spectrum Policies and Processes

4.1 Radio-Frequency Devices Games-Venue Access.

Only accredited persons can bring radio-frequency equipment into the Milano Cortina 2026

Olympic and Paralympic venues. Any wireless equipment that does not have spectrum

authorisation will be intercepted by security during the security process at the dedicated

pedestrian screening area (PSA) or vehicle screening area (VSA). Spectrum authorisation and

the related approved spectrum tag are required to access and use the wireless equipment in

the venues. It will be necessary to show the spectrum authorisation document on a smartphone

(pdf) or printed out. For accredited users who missed applying for authorisation, security will

redirect the RF equipment’s user to the spectrum team. The spectrum team will support the user

in obtaining spectrum authorisation.

4.2 Radio Spectrum Authorisation

It is prohibited for any individual to operate any radio equipment or transmit radio frequencies

at Games venues without obtaining a radio-spectrum authorisation from the spectrum

authority in Italy (MIMIT). The Milano Cortina 2026 Spectrum Manager will apply for authorisation

on the applicant's behalf. The authorised user must use the radio spectrum within the terms and

conditions outlined in the radio-spectrum authorisation. The spectrum requirements can be

submitted online through the Milan Cortina 2026 SBP.

The use of frequencies without authorisation is sanctioned as per article 102 of the Italian

Electronic Communication Code.

4.2.1 Licensing Information

Spectrum orders can be submitted through the Milano Cortina 2026 SBP. Applications can be

made online or by uploading an application form, allowing the submission of multiple

applications in the SBP. The latter is a web application, and the address and application-form

download process will be communicated by the end of 2024.

Spectrum management for the Milano Cortina 2026 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games is

divided into four sub-periods for convenience and reference. Each sub-period has a different

deadline for applicants to submit their applications. Table 12 indicates the date you must submit

your application by and when you can expect to receive confirmation. A spectrum authorisation

will be issued for each period once your application has been successfully processed.

Spectrum Availability Plan

4.2.2 Stakeholders Categories

Any accredited stakeholders will be able to access the SBP to apply. Milano Cortina 2026

Broadcast FA (BRS) and PRS FA will control the rights.

Note for local Italian existing licence owners intending to operate within Games venues: It is

mandatory to submit spectrum requests to allow coordination across the band,

notwithstanding any business-as-usual (BaU) arrangements.

4.2.3 Application Periods and Spectrum Authorisation Deliveries

Application periods define when the SBP accepts new spectrum applications and when the

spectrum requester will receive the authorisation document.

Table 12 provides the planned application periods.

Table 12: Application Periods

Application Periods Requests Submission Notifications

Normal Spectrum Booking Period 6 February–31 May 2025 From August 2025

Late Spectrum Booking Period 1 September–15 October2025 From December 2025

Extraordinary Spectrum Booking Period 1 January 2026

–

22 March 2026 Status update according to the

MIMIT ODT SLA

4.2.4 Normal Spectrum Booking Period

The SBP for accredited Games stakeholders will begin accepting applications from 6 February to

31 May 2025. After this period, it will no longer be possible to submit requests for the use of

spectrum services through the portal, meaning that new requests and modifications will not be

allowed. Applicants will be notified of any changes to the status of their application. Applicants

will also be able to log in and see the status of their frequency applications at any time.

4.2.5 Late Spectrum Booking Period

For accredited Games stakeholders, a second application period will run from 1 September to 15

October 2025, providing an application window for late requests. Also, the SBP will accept new

applications or modifications of submitted requests.

At the end of this period, it will not be possible to make any further requests for the use of

spectrum services through the portal, which means new requests and modifications are not

allowed.

The MIMIT ODT SLA specifies the committed MIMIT response time for applications during the extraordinary spectrum

booking period, whose target values are to be established and will be made available in due course.

Spectrum Availability Plan

4.2.6 Extraordinary Spectrum Booking Period

For accredited Games stakeholders, the SBP will start accepting very late applications or

modifications of submitted requests from 1 January 2026 to the end of the Paralympic Games;

after 22 March 2026, the portal will be closed.

4.2.7 Spectrum Authorisation Periods

To request spectrum services, the applicant must specify the intended period of use for the RF

device. The following provides the spectrum authorisation periods for the Olympic and

Paralympic Winter Games.

Table 13: Spectrum Authorisation Periods

Authorisation Periods Name Authorisation Start/End

Olympic Winter Games 1 January 2026–28 February 2026

Paralympic Winter Games (including ceremonies) 29 February 2026–30 March 2026

Applications for the Milano Cortina 2026 Olympic Winter Games Opening and Closing

Ceremonies are processed by the venue, Milano San Siro Olympic Stadium or the Verona

Olympic Arena. To apply for a ceremony, users must request the related venue.

4.3 Test and Tag Process

Before entering the venue, a specific test process must be followed to ensure the event is not

affected by frequency interference. This process is known as ‘testing and tagging’. During the

testing-and-tagging procedure, users' equipment will be tested to ensure that it complies with

all the features detailed in the frequency authorisation granted by MIMIT ODT. Once the

equipment complies with regulations, it will receive a tag that allows the use of the device

according to its area of operation during the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games Milano

Cortina 2026.

The test-and-tag station/desk locations will be communicated as soon as it has been agreed

upon with the MIMIT ODT. A spectrum engineer will be responsible for operating the test of the RF

device and applying a sticker when the test is successful.

Process details will be provided in 2025 through the Testing & Tagging User Guide.

4.3.1 RF Device Venue

Access

Only accredited persons will be permitted to bring authorised RF equipment into the venues. Any

wireless equipment without a visible tag that does not have spectrum authorisation will be

stopped by security during the security screening process at the venue entrance. Untagged

devices will not be permitted to enter the venue.

It is recommended to have the spectrum-authorisation document as a viewable document on

a smartphone or printed out.

Spectrum Availability Plan

For accredited users who miss applying for authorisation, security will redirect the RF

equipment’s user to the closest spectrum team for assistance.

The RF device will be authorised to transmit at the venue as soon as the authorisation has been

granted; in the meantime, the RF device will receive a “do not use” tag and must be turned off.

4.3.2 RF Devices Test Approach

Before bringing it to any venue, spectrum users must ensure their wireless equipment is

programmed with the technical parameters specified in the spectrum authorisation, including

the frequency, power, bandwidth, and other relevant settings. If the technical parameters of the

wireless transmitting equipment need to be changed, spectrum users should prepare and carry

the required tools with them, and equipment batteries must be fully charged. Users should also

bring with them the spectrum-authorisation documentation in case of any discrepancies.

Spectrum engineers will test the RF device at the test-and-tag station. The approach will be to

run tests that are quick and simple yet able to check the technical RF suitability of a device.

confirm frequency or channel, occupied bandwidth or band, signal shape (to interpret the

power level and spurious emission), SSID or drone identification, etc. In some cases, the radiated

power (for devices capable of transmitting at high power)

should match with the issued

spectrum authorisation.

Non-compliant equipment will get a distinctive tag to prohibit it from being used. A second test

will be completed to verify the results if the test fails. Equipment that fails the second test will

have a Do Not Use (DNU) sticker applied.

Tagging principle: A tag issued by the spectrum engineer will be visibly applied to the radio

equipment once it has passed the test. All radio equipment must have the right tag to enter its

area of operation during the Games. Security staff will inspect equipment at all venue entrances

to ensure that only authorised/tagged wireless equipment can enter.

4.4 Spectrum Monitoring

MIMIT ODT will monitor the radio spectrum in cooperation with Milano Cortina 2026 to secure the

wireless spectrum environment for the Games and prevent interference and improper use.

Processes and deployment will be communicated in 2025.

4.5 Self-Coordination Approach for Photographers

Photographers move quickly between venues, using photographers’ camera remotes and

setting up equipment to transfer data. Systematic control is costly and inefficient, and self-

coordination is the most effective approach. The challenges are:

• to minimise the opportunity for camera triggers to interfere with each other; and

• to obtain a real-time list of photographers present at the venue in case of unauthorised

private access-point detection.

Spectrum Availability Plan

Solution implementation:

The Milano Cortina 2026 spectrum team will support each venue press manager in

implementing a simple coordination process. When a photographer operates at the venue, the

press team will nominate which remote-camera control channels they will use.

All the photographers at the venue will use the schedule of the channels for the exact day.

Therefore, all accredited members of the press will be able to see which channels are allocated,

who is using them, which are in use, and which are available.

Authorisations made under the UWD/SRD regulation will be provided on a non-

interference/non-protected basis.

Spectrum Availability Plan

Glossary

ADS

Audio Description Service

BaU

Business as Usual

Citizens Band Radio

DAB

Digital Audio Broadcasting

DECT

Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications

DVB-T

Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial

DMO

Direct Mode Operation

DMR

Digital Mobile Radio

EIRP

Equivalent isotropic radiated power

ENG

Electronic News Gathering

FSK

Frequency Shift Keying

IEM

In-Ear Monitor

IOC

International Olympic Committee

LAN

Local Area Network

LMR

Land Mobile Radio

LPI

Low Power Indoor Access Points

MIC

Microphone

MIMIT

Ministero dell’impresa e del Made in Italy (Ministry of Enterprises and Made

in Italy)

MIMIT ODT

MIMIT Olympic Delivery Team

Ministry of Defence

MRH

Media Right Holders

OBS

Olympic Broadcasting Services

OCOG

Organising Committee for the Olympic

and Paralympic Winter Games

OPG

Olympic and Paralympic Games

PES

Permanent Earth Stations

PMR

Private Mobile Radio

PMSE

Program Making Special Event

PRS

Personal Radio Service

Radio Frequency

SBP

Spectrum Booking Portal

SLA

Service-Level Agreement

SMT

Milano Cortina 2026 Spectrum Management Team

Spectrum Availability Plan

SRD

Short Range Device

SSID

Service Set Identifier

TES

Transportable Earth Station

TMO

Trunked Mode Operation

TOC

Technology Operation Centre

TPC

Transmitter Power Control

T&T

Testing and Tagging

UHF

Ultra-High Frequency (300MHz–3GHz)

UWD

Short-Range Device

VHF

Very High Frequency (30MHz–300MHz)

WLAN

Wireless Local Area Network

Spectrum Availability Plan

Terminology

Beauty Shot Camera

Camera delivering a shot that emphasises

something's beauty or attractive aspects of the area

Channel Bandwidth

A portion of the radio spectrum occupied by the

transmitted signal

Duplex Spacing

Frequency Division Duplex is a technology used in

wireless communications where the uplink and the

downlink use a different frequency. The uplink and

downlink are separated by a particular gap. This is

called the duplex distance or duplex spacing.

Duty Cycle

The ratio of time where the radio device is

transmitting during an observation period of one

hour

Equivalent isotropic radiated power

measurement

EIRP is the total radiated power from a transmitter

antenna times the numerical directivity of the

antenna in the direction of the receiver or the power

delivered to the antenna times the antenna's

numerical gain.

Full Duplex

Operating duplex with the ability to transmit and

receive simultaneously.

Spectrum Authorisation

The individual au

thorisation gives its owner the right

to use specific radio-frequency equipment with an

assigned frequency and technical specifications

within a designated venue and period.

Venues Olympic and Paralympic sites fall within the scope of

spectrum management.

If there are any questions about the Spectrum Availability Plan, please contact the Milano

Cortina 2026 Spectrum Management Team via e-mail at the following address:

SpectrumManagement@milanocortina2026.org

Spectrum Availability Plan